Encroachers and Illegal Miners | Avasalladores y mineros ilegales

Tatiana Castro, Los Tiempos:

Park Rangers Must Face Harassment from Encroachers and Illegal Miners

  • Park ranger Marcos Uzquiano patrols a protected area. | Courtesy of park rangers
  • A park ranger reports on illegal constructions in Tunari.

Park rangers must confront the lack of human resources, adverse working conditions, harassment from encroachers, and judicial harassment in their tasks of protecting the 23 parks and protected areas in Bolivia. They feel defenseless and unauthorized.

The vice president of the Bolivian Association of Park Rangers Conservation Agents (Abolac), Jimmy Torrez Muñoz, warns that in Madidi National Park, the most serious problem is the presence of illegal mining in the rivers.

Park rangers Marcos Uzquiano, who currently holds the position of president of Abolac, and Raúl Santa Cruz are an example of the harassment that exists from mining companies engaged in illegal exploitation in the parks of eastern Bolivia; both face a trial for denouncing the aggressions of a businessman when he was transporting heavy machinery into Madidi National Park “by force and without any authorization.”

The problem is more serious because they also do not have the necessary support from the administrators of the National Service of Protected Areas (Sernap), which preferred to step aside from the litigation, despite the fact that the conflict arose in the performance of their work. “We haven’t even received a supportive call,” laments Uzquiano.

On the subject, the executive director of Sernap, Johnson Jiménez, clarified that it is a private process. Therefore, they cannot get involved.

Torrez mentions that in other parks such as the Protected Area of Toro Toro National Park, in Potosí, the most serious conflict is with land encroachers.

Park rangers are carrying out a judicial process for the occupation of about 2 hectares of land, and despite the “dispossession and eviction” mandate, the encroachers have not been removed. Instead, they are victims of intimidation and threats through resolution votes asking for their dismissal. From Sernap, in this case, support was given to the “protection body” of Toro Toro National Park.

Torres mentions that in Tunari National Park, where he currently works, the problem of aggregate exploitation and intimidation by encroachers who want to take over land above the 2,750-meter mark is added. “Many times we have been kidnapped and even threatened with the burning of our cars,” recalls the park ranger.

All park rangers must face the violence of groups of encroachers who want to settle in protected areas, Torres points out.

Another problem is that there are very few of them to cover thousands of hectares. In the case of Tunari National Park, there are eight to monitor an area of 300,000 hectares, and, in the case of the Biosphere Reserve and Biological Station of Beni, there are nine for 135,000 hectares, for example.

Uzquiano complains about the neglect. The central government does not attend to the deteriorated camps, does not protect the personnel with life insurance, and does not support the processes they face against encroachers. “We do not receive support, but rather we are questioned, unauthorized, and unprotected.”

The Process

The case began on March 30, 2023, when park ranger Raúl Santa Cruz learned of the intentions to bring heavy machinery into the Virgen de Rosario sector without authorization. That same night, miner Ramiro Cuevas arrived to enter the protected area with heavy machinery, but the request was denied; it was then that Santa Cruz was threatened with derogatory words and even threatened with a chair.

Santa Cruz reported what happened to Uzquiano, who spread the incident on his social networks, which was seized upon by Cuevas to sue them for defamation. “They want to intimidate park rangers and environmental defenders so that they do not dare to denounce,” laments Uzquiano.

“We were never formally notified at our homes or workplaces,” denounces Uzquiano.

The machinery managed to enter the park under pressure and threats in the early hours of the following day. They are still operating in the protected area.

“We are very concerned that the Bolivian justice system, the Apolo court, admitted a lawsuit against two park rangers so diligently. All we wanted was to safeguard physical integrity and, on the other hand, prevent the entry of machinery into the protected area so as not to cause further deterioration and environmental pollution,” says Uzquiano.

From the National College of Biologists, they demand, through a statement, justice for the park rangers to enable solutions from the political administrative environment of the country, to guarantee their human and labor rights.

Uzquiano says that an adverse judgment will make them “not dare to confront a miner or logger because there will be no necessary support.”

There are around 295 park rangers distributed in all national parks in Bolivia, which in total cover an area of 182,716.99 square kilometers.

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