Chiquitanía: Deforestation by Livestock and Agroindustry | Deforestación por ganadería y agroindustria

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Deforestation in Bolivia: Livestock and Agroindustry Accelerate Forest Loss in the Chiquitanía

Between 2010 and 2022, Bolivia lost approximately 3 million hectares of forest. Of this area, 57% was cleared for livestock expansion, while 33% was used for mechanized agriculture. Livestock farming, boosted by the opening of the Chinese market in 2019, has grown rapidly in the department of Santa Cruz, becoming the main driver of deforestation.

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La Paz, October 23, 2024. Bolivia is undergoing an alarming period of deforestation, ranking among the countries with the highest rates of forest loss worldwide. A recent analysis by the Center for Labor and Agrarian Development Studies (CEDLA) highlights that livestock farming and agroindustry are the main drivers of this phenomenon, particularly in the Chiquitanía region.

According to the report, between 2010 and 2022, Bolivia lost approximately 3 million hectares of forest. Of this area, 57% was cleared for livestock expansion, while 33% was used for mechanized agriculture. Livestock farming, boosted by the opening of the Chinese market in 2019, has grown rapidly in the department of Santa Cruz, becoming the primary cause of deforestation.

The Chiquitanía, a vast region of tropical dry forest, has been the epicenter of this livestock expansion. San Ignacio de Velasco is one of the most affected municipalities, where large livestock companies, both national and foreign, have invested in acquiring land and converting it into pastures.

The growth of new Mennonite colonies has also significantly contributed to deforestation. These colonies, established over the past 15 years, have expanded their agricultural production, especially in soy and meat, resulting in the deforestation of vast areas in the Chiquitanía and other regions of the country.

Another key factor in forest loss is agroindustrial expansion on poor ferrallitic soils in the Chiquitanía. These soils, previously considered unsuitable for agriculture, are now being utilized due to the national production of urea. Large agricultural companies and Mennonite colonies have started cultivating soy and other agroindustrial products on these lands, often combining agriculture with livestock farming.

Additionally, the settlements of mechanized national colonizers and interculturales have increased pressure on the forests. In the Chiquitanía, over 1.5 million hectares have been titled for new settlements, which use advanced machinery for large-scale agricultural production.

A worrying aspect is the legalization of deforestation in permanent forest production lands (TPFP). The report indicates that 41% of the deforestation between 2010 and 2022 occurred in TPFP, allowing large forest areas, which were previously protected, to be used for livestock and agriculture.

State policies have played a key role in expanding the agricultural frontier. The Bolivian government has promoted deforestation as part of its economic development strategy, facilitating the legalization of previously illegal clearings and offering financial and legal incentives to the agricultural and livestock sectors.

On the international level, Bolivia has become an attractive destination for foreign investors, especially from Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay. These investors have acquired large tracts of land for livestock production, taking advantage of the permissive policies of the Bolivian government.

The livestock boom has been particularly driven by the opening of the Chinese market. The Santa Cruz Livestock Federation (Fegasacruz) estimates that Bolivia has an export potential of around 50,000 tons of beef above domestic demand, further incentivizing livestock expansion.

However, this development model based on deforestation has serious environmental consequences. Forest loss not only contributes to climate change but also affects the water regime, exacerbating droughts and altering precipitation patterns in the region.

Moreover, forest fires have increased in frequency and intensity in recent years, destroying millions of hectares of forest, especially in the department of Santa Cruz. These fires have devastating effects on ecosystems and on local communities that rely on natural resources for their livelihoods.

The CEDLA report warns that if immediate measures are not taken, the country will continue losing its forest heritage at an alarming rate. Policies that promote sustainable land use are needed, balancing agricultural production with forest conservation.

One of the most urgent recommendations is to reverse policies that facilitate deforestation in TPFP and protect forest areas identified as having high ecological value. It is also suggested to promote sustainable livestock practices and increase the added value of agricultural production to reduce the need for agricultural frontier expansion.

The deforestation situation in Bolivia is critical and requires coordinated action between the government, the private sector, and civil society to stop the destruction of forests and protect the country’s vital ecosystems.

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