Bolivian exports of cocoa, wood, and leather to the EU must be deforestation-free | Exportaciones bolivianas a la UE de cacao, madera, cueros deben estar libres de deforestación

By Marco Antonio Belmonte, Vision 360:

In December, regulations will come into effect in Europe aimed at preventing raw materials that have caused deforestation, including meat, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, soy, and wood, from entering their market.

El café boliviano tiene demanda en el mercado europeo. Foto: ABI

Bolivian coffee is in demand in the European market. Photo: ABI

National exports of meat, cocoa, coffee, and leather are under scrutiny for entry into the European Union market because they must first comply with the regulations of this trade bloc, which restricts the entry of products that have caused deforestation.

According to a recent note published by Deutsche Welle, European cooperation for forest protection in Latin America goes hand in hand with technical assistance to prepare them for the implementation of the first provisions of EU Regulation 1115, which will come into force in December 2024. The regulation aims to prevent raw materials that have caused deforestation from entering their market. These include beef, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, soy, and wood. While there are only six, the possibility of these products being denied entry into the European market has raised concerns in agricultural exporting countries.

Visión 360 consulted Emanuel Hondrat, Program Officer of the European Union (EU) Delegation in Bolivia, about whether the country’s fires could lead to market restrictions on national products. Hondrat clarified that the EU regulation on deforestation does not specifically address fires.

“But we are encouraging all products entering the EU to be deforestation-free. Currently, three Bolivian products are under scrutiny by this legislation: cocoa, coffee, and leather,” he specified.

He assured that, for now, Bolivia is one of the countries least affected by this regulation. “The regulation is mainly about ensuring that products entering the EU are free from deforestation practices, without child labor involved, and follow rules that benefit the entire world,” Hondrat emphasized.

According to the DW report, the six raw materials regulated by the EU, along with rubber, were responsible for 58% of global deforestation linked to agriculture. A third of all these raw materials are destined for the European market. If nothing is done, deforestation would increase by approximately 248,000 hectares per year by 2030.

The report adds that, with its anti-deforestation regulation, the European Union is taking responsibility for its consumption and aims to curb global forest loss. For exporting countries, certification poses a barrier, with some labeling it as “green protectionism.”

EU Cooperation with Bolivia

Hondrat noted that most EU funds allocated to Bolivia are directed towards budgetary support, exceeding 150 million euros. These funds support the Ministry of Environment and Water, biodiversity protection, and the fight against drugs.

According to the European Union (EU) website and the Group of Partners for the Development of Bolivia (GRUS), the EU is deeply committed to Bolivia’s development and democracy. It focuses its presence mainly on three areas of cooperation with the government and civil society: water and natural resources, integrated development and the fight against drug trafficking, and justice reform. It also promotes programs supporting human rights, gender equality, and humanitarian aid.

The EU has been providing development cooperation in the country for over 30 years. To date, non-reimbursable cooperation has reached around one billion euros for Bolivia in various programs.

EU development cooperation has several modalities: bilateral (direct financial and technical aid to the Bolivian state through the central government); thematic (support to civil society through calls for proposals); and regional cooperation.

The cooperation strategy amounts to 117 million dollars (104 million euros) for the 2021-2024 period. The funds, granted as donations, are primarily focused on supporting national efforts to promote the fight against climate change and protect the environment through sustainable and socially inclusive economic growth. The program with Bolivia is the largest that the EU has in Latin America.

In addition, there are financing agreements totaling around 60 million dollars (50 million euros) for comprehensive development programs involving coca leaf and the fight against illicit substance trafficking. Most of these funds are deposited in the Treasury of the Nation under results-based commitments agreed upon within the framework of the Bolivian government’s development plans.

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