Entrepreneurs: Lack of Legal Security, Statism, and Climate Triggered the Crisis | Empresarios: falta de seguridad jurídica, estatismo y clima detonaron la crisis

By Melvy Ruiz, El Deber, Eju.tv:

Entrepreneurs and analysts see an exhausted economic model. But the Government says the economy is resilient and, despite an adverse context, highlights growth and public investment

Por heladas y sequía el kilo del tomate se disparó a Bs 20
Due to Frost and Drought, the Price of Tomatoes Soared to Bs20 per Kilo

The scarcity of dollars, the lack of certain foods, and social discontent are indicators of Bolivia’s deteriorating economy. Entrepreneurs and economists point to three main factors driving this situation: statism, lack of legal security, and climatic phenomena. While the latter is beyond control, the first two are closely linked to state administration and, according to critics, signal the end of the current economic model.

From the Ministry of Economy and Finance, it was explained that the economy is facing an adverse external context.

Economic Challenges: “Conflicts in strategic areas of international trade are increasing import costs for emerging economies. Additionally, these tensions have kept fuel prices high, and adverse climatic phenomena have caused spikes in certain grains and cereals,” the ministry said.

Statism and an Exhausted Model: EL DEBER gathered opinions from entrepreneurs affected by the current situation, where daily life for the sector involves the scarcity of dollars for purchasing raw materials and capital goods. The most critical voices, speaking anonymously for fear of reprisals, indicated that the current situation shows that the Social Community Productive Economic Model – implemented since 2006 – does not work.

Based on strategic control of the economy with state-owned enterprises, export regulations, subsidies, and wealth redistribution, this model is staunchly defended by the government. “The statist and centralist economic model has prioritized public investment over private, resulting in outdated regulations that have driven away foreign investment,” said one entrepreneur.

Another noted that Bolivia practically receives no foreign investment, a situation attributed to outdated regulatory frameworks. “This model prioritized ideology over the economy, resulting in a welfare-dependent economy heavily reliant on bonuses and subsidies,” he added.

Business Challenges: The business community’s analysis shows that key sectors such as hydrocarbons and mining are stagnating due to lack of investment and outdated regulations. For instance, major oil companies have reduced their presence in the country, limiting themselves to exploiting existing resources without new investments. In the mining sector, policies supporting cooperatives have led to irresponsible and destructive practices, exacerbated by the lack of adequate environmental licenses.

Economist Jaime Dunn notes that since 2014, Bolivia has experienced significant wear and tear on its economic model. The lack of exploration in vital sectors like hydrocarbons, combined with high public spending and significant debt, has worsened the economic situation. “Between 2022 and 2023, exports decreased by $2.5 billion, while reserves fell by approximately $1.5 billion. This has put considerable pressure on the exchange rate,” Dunn stated.

Legal Security: The lack of legal security is another factor deepening the crisis, according to Dunn. He explains that the extension of judicial magistrates’ terms sends a bad signal and deters foreign investment. Between 2022 and 2023, foreign direct investment in Bolivia was extremely low. “Moreover, payments for external debt services exceeded loan disbursements, and the country’s trade balance was negative by almost $200 million.”

Dunn cited excessive public spending as the main cause. Bolivia is facing the consequences of years of unplanned overspending. A worrying fact from the National Institute of Agrarian Reform (INRA) revealed that in 2023, there were 237 land invasions in the country, with only 36 evictions executed.

The Oilseeds and Wheat Producers Association (Anapo) warned of the risk of land invasions affecting over 70,000 hectares of crops, endangering the production of 300,000 tons of soybeans, corn, and sorghum. Agrarian law specialist Fernando Asturizaga warned that legal security over land is crucial for rural development, but “obtaining a title does not guarantee ownership” because invaders find new ways to bypass the law.

An investor said that the lack of legal security and an outdated regulatory environment continue to be significant barriers to any economic progress.

Climate Change: Rolando Morales, vice president of the National Agricultural Confederation (Confeagro), says that post-pandemic impacts caused an increase in global commodity prices, also affecting Bolivia. This is compounded by the war between Ukraine and Russia, producers of fertilizers and grains, and climate change, which has affected food production. He maintains that these factors need a solution involving cooperation from all sectors and levels of the state.

In Santa Cruz, vegetable producers reported that frosts and droughts reduced tomato production by up to 40%, while soybean farmers lost 500,000 hectares due to drought.

State Response: The Ministry of Economy and Finance told EL DEBER that in an international context, the Bolivian economy has shown resilience and positive growth in the first months of the year. This is despite high monetary policy rates, persistent inflation, and geopolitical tensions in Ukraine and the Middle East affecting international trade.

The ministry explained that during the first quarter of the year, key economies like the United States and the Eurozone showed a slowdown, with modest growth in South America, including Brazil, Chile, and Peru. Internally, Bolivia has faced adverse effects from the climate crisis, road blockades, and delays in approving laws for external financing.

Despite these challenges, sectors such as mineral production (tin, lead, zinc, tungsten, and silver), chicken and pork production, and construction have shown favorable performance. This dynamism has been supported by public investment in infrastructure projects and import substitution industrialization. By the first quarter, external debt remained at 26.9% of GDP, within international reference margins.

The Ministry emphasized that projected public investment for 2024 is $4.274 billion, aimed at productive, social, infrastructure, and multisectoral sectors. Reducing public spending could have negative repercussions on the economy and the well-being of the population.

However, the entrepreneurs consulted indicated that it is time for the government to “face reality.”

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