Is there a crisis in Bolivia or not? | ¿Hay o no crisis en Bolivia?

RETURN TO THE PAST

Gonzalo Chávez, El Deber:

The ideological delirium in which the Government finds itself drives it to control the entire spectrum of economic and political analysis. It defines what a crisis is, in its image and likeness, it determines which indicators do or do not measure a crisis and from this, it builds a propaganda narrative about the success of the economic model, which borders on fanaticism.

The fundamentalists of populism repeat the mantra ad nauseam: the lowest inflation on the planet, the most incredible growth in the world and the lowest unemployment in the universe. And when they recognize some gap in instability, they explain it by the international crisis or an internal conspiracy.

And now, faced with the avalanche of questions from journalists and analysts about the deterioration of various macroeconomic indicators, they vehemently deny the problems. The ostrich of the revolution puts its head in the ground.

Of course, those in power understand crisis as synonymous with economic catastrophe and terminal social disaster, as in today’s Venezuela and/or the hyperinflation of the mid-1980s in Bolivia. Faced with these definitions and historical disasters, we now enjoy infinite health, according to the official discourse.

On this occasion, allow me to demystify some of the absolute truths constructed from power. So, following the butcher’s recommendation, we go in parts.

Bolivia registers an accumulated price level for 2023 of 1.48%. For the nomenclature this is paradise on earth. But a closer reading of this indicator shows that, strictly speaking, we are facing repressed inflation, bribed by subsidies for hydrocarbons and food. At this point in the championship, subsidies – which can no longer be financed with gas revenues – must exceed $2 billion. Prices are also tied up by a fixed exchange rate, which is sustained with a brutal loss of international reserves. Therefore, judging a pimple by its surface and treating it with belladonna is not understanding that, beneath it, there is a gigantic pile of unsustainable subsidies. Tick, toc, tick toc the price bomb ticks. This is a symptom of crisis in China, Burundi or here.

Economic growth has been slowing since 2014. In 2023 it will be around 2%. The systematic fall in the gross domestic product (GDP) is associated with the lack of surplus from the gas sector, which previously supported it. This is another delayed effect time bomb. This is also a clear symptom of crisis.

The swelling of very poor quality jobs and survival strategies, which the government insists on calling employment, is based on an informal economy and is now unsustainable. The government no longer has the resources to continue inflating the consumption bubble. What is observed here, beyond the propaganda, is that occupations and jobs are increasingly precarious and hide the agony of a model that relied on the underground economy. Whatever perspective is adopted, this, too, is a deep structural crisis.

The long lines of trucks, cars and transport in search of diesel is a manifestation of problems. Likewise, the shortage of dollars, in all areas, – which has already created a parallel currency market and which strangles imports – is also a symptom of a hairy crisis. And what about the public deficit, which on average was 7.5% of GDP 11 years ago? The fiscal crisis, which increased internal and external debt and destroyed international reserves, is another sign of crisis.

That Bolivia has lost, between 2014 and today, more than US$13 billion in international reserves and sold grandmother’s jewels to partially close the public deficit, finance unproductive projects or simply to survive, shows that we are spending our savings without shame. When one takes a step larger than the opening of the legs and is scraping the pot, it is another manifestation of crisis.

The strangulation that has occurred of the state company, YPFB – with the consequent shrinking of the gas sector, which from being the engine of growth and generator of surplus has become an activity in agony – is the mother of all crises.

That the total public debt in Bolivia exceeds 80% of GDP, (30% external debt, 30% internal debt and 20% debt of public companies), by any parameter, is a very strong financial pressure for the economy and of course, it is another manifestation of crisis.

The brutal depredation of the environment that occurs in many sectors and for different reasons is, probably, the most serious consequence of the extractivist model that has burned millions of hectares of our forests, and poisoned hundreds of rivers. This attack against the future is probably the most serious manifestation of crisis due to its structural consequences.

That 80% of people have an informal occupation and that this is the basis for growth of various sectors such as commerce and services, where productivity is very low and human capital is devalued is another time bomb and of course, more crisis symptoms.

That the judicial system in Bolivia is in pieces and that it has become the refuge of the most cynical mafias, which threaten to eat away at democracy and institutions, is another symptom of a tremendous structural crisis.

Likewise, the pus of corruption circulates in several of our institutions and contaminates the pillars of society based on smuggling and drug trafficking. Of course this is another symptom of a crisis.

Finally, and no less important, is the educational blackout, that is, the poor quality of our education systems that have worsened with the pandemic crisis and that are drowning the country’s children and young people in mediocrity. Likewise, the precarious health system, which makes the majority of the population pilgrims in hospitals and health posts without adequate care, is also killing the future. Educational blackout and disastrous health are other undoubted symptoms of crisis.

Therefore, the fact that the Government wants to hide this multidimensionality of the problems is also a crisis of values and ethics. Faced with this situation, of course, there are several solutions, but the first is, without a doubt, to recognize that you are facing several types of crisis. This is the first step to starting real change.

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