Use of water for lithium: What will quinoa producers live on? | Uso del agua para el litio: ¿de qué vamos a vivir los productores de quinua?

By Erbol:

Ayllu Huatari and the use of water for lithium: What will quinoa producers live on?

Great promises of economic well-being through lithium exploitation face an unavoidable reality: water—yes, enormous quantities of water are required to exploit this mineral. However, communities living in areas surrounding the Uyuni, Coipasa, and other salt flats, such as the municipality of Salinas de Garci Mendoza, designated as the Capital of Bolivia’s Royal Quinoa, have expressed doubts and fears of being left without this vital resource.

Such is the case of the Ayllu Huatari, whose delegation of indigenous authorities visited the city of La Paz a few days ago to participate in an event entitled “The Global Background of the Lithium Race: The Contradictions of the Energy Transition,” which provided the public with abundant information on the subject. Referring to the issue of water scarcity that lithium exploitation could cause, Bertha Ayala, Mama Jilakata of that community, voiced her concern:

“As Indigenous native peasant peoples, we are very concerned about the extraction of our non-renewable mineral resources. They are truly exterminating us, they are leaving us without water, and we no longer have any. I don’t know where to turn because it is a great concern—this too, about lithium—because we are near the Coipasa salt flat, and we are also near the Uyuni salt flat,” stated the authority.

Ayllu Huatari is part of the Indigenous Native Peasant Autonomous Government (GAIOC) Salinas, located in the Ladislao Cabrera province in the south of the Oruro department, bordering Potosí. It survives through quinoa production, subsistence agriculture, and camelid livestock.

Lithium exploitation and the loss of freshwater

Community authorities from Ayllu Huatari at the event sponsored by the Documentation and Information Center Bolivia (Cedib) (Photo: V. Ledezma ANA Bolivia)

The indigenous authority noted that although those promoting lithium exploitation claim it will not significantly impact the supply of drinking water and will bring social benefits—specifically job creation—all of this plunges communities into uncertainty about their immediate future.

“Because the president easily says ‘there will be work, jobs,’ but he doesn’t know what consequences he’ll leave us with, and that is why we are worried as authorities—yes, very worried—because in the future, what will we live on? What will we eat? That is our greatest concern as Indigenous peoples,” said Bertha Ayala sadly during the discussion organized by the Documentation and Information Center Bolivia (CEDIB).

It is important to note that royal quinoa, which is produced only in Bolivia, is a highly nutritious food that provides complete protein, minerals, vitamins, and fiber. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), it is an important food resource for food security.

Ayllu Huatari and other nearby communities are extremely fertile areas as they produce none other than royal quinoa. Image: Thunupa Mica Tayca (Official Page)

“I visited an ayllu affected by mining, which really left the people without water—it completely wiped them out—and there is no livestock left in that area because they exploited the land 400 meters deep,” she said.

Even a study by Springer Nature suggested that lithium in the subsoil and in its natural state may contribute to quinoa development: “It was also revealed that lithium increased calcium and sodium accumulation in quinoa shoots… It was concluded that lithium concentration is useful for quinoa growth and that it can be successfully cultivated” (“Assessment of lithium bioaccumulation in quinoa [Chenopodium quinoa Willd.] and its implications for human health,” 06/18/23).

“I have visited an ayllu affected by mining that really left people without water—it completely exterminated them—and now there’s no livestock left in that area because those transnational companies exploited the land 400 meters deep. And now, seeing those consequences, I am very worried for that reason, for the GAIOC Salinas. What are we quinoa producers going to do? We are in danger, at risk—that is my greatest concern,” concluded the jilakata of Ayllu Huatari.

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