Madidi: Denouncement that interest in land and gold encourages usurpers to harass indigenous people | Denuncian que el interés por la tierra y el oro promueven que avasalladores acosen a indígenas

By Erbol:

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

The Bolivian Commission for the Defense of Protected Areas (COPDEAPBO) denounced that the long-standing interest in acquiring large tracts of land and the recent incursion of illegal gold mining in the Madidi National Park and Integrated Natural Management Area have led to the formation of groups of usurpers who seize land by force and pressure indigenous communities to displace them from their own titled territories.

According to COPDEAPBO, in the community of Torewa, home to the Leco people and where Francisco Marupa (67), a defender of the world’s most biodiverse protected area, was murdered on February 15, indigenous residents lament the loss of a leader found dead at the edge of his own banana plantation. They directly associate the incident with the extractive and economic interests of individuals backed by promoters of extractivism who devastate the ecoregion.

“We feel like a family here, we all care for each other, and if someone is sick, we all support their recovery. That’s why we are deeply saddened by the loss of our brother Francisco, who was seen as an example for the youth and the community due to his tireless fight for access to clean water,” said César Chávez, former chief of Torewa.

The Leco indigenous leader stated that his community of Torewa, located in the Franz Tamayo province of the La Paz department and part of the Apolo Municipality, is privileged to be inside Madidi, as it allows them to craft handicrafts from various natural materials and practice agriculture, growing bananas, watermelon, papaya, tomatoes, and other crops.

Ancestral Territory

However, while the Leco people seek to consolidate their land, which was recognized as the Lecos de Apolo Indigenous Community Territory (TCO), they also strive to reclaim the identity of their ancestral land. A significant portion of the TCO, approximately 348,000 hectares, overlaps with the Madidi National Park and Integrated Natural Management Area.

In 1997, the main organization of the indigenous nation, the Central Indigenous Organization of the People of Apolo (CIPLA), which represents 19 communities, submitted a “territorial claim” to the National Institute of Agrarian Reform (INRA) for 658,006 hectares, of which 530,426 hectares were approved. In 2006, the organization obtained the declaration of a legally recognized area and the titling of Polygon 1. In 2024, it finally achieved the consolidation of Polygon 3, while Polygon 2 remains under process.

“In our ancestral territory, the Beni River, which flows down from Guanay, is much larger,” said former chief Chávez, explaining that upstream, its width can reach up to 350 meters. The Beni River joins with streams, while downstream, lagoons form. “But we all know that from Mapiri onward, mercury is being dumped into the river. Yet the miners, who have economic interests, claim they are not using heavy metals, even though studies prove otherwise,” Chávez reported.

Arbitrary Land Seizures

For Dionisio Gutiérrez, the Grand Captain of the Central Indigenous Organization of the Leco People of Apolo, “arbitrary land seizures are taking place in Madidi, enabled by that damned and genocidal Mining Law, without recognizing our ancestral territory.” The Leco leader revealed that they are unaware of which sites have been granted mining concessions, as communities only find out years later when mining operators arrive to exploit the gold.

Regarding mining activity inside the Madidi National Park and Integrated Natural Management Area, the Grand Captain of the Lecos asserted that gold mining should never exist there. However, he lamented that it enjoys “protection and shielding from the Bolivian government itself.”

Last year, COPDEAPBO denounced the presence of 44 illegal gold mining operations exploiting gold mainly in the headwaters and course of the Tuichi River, a major tributary of the Beni River.

At that time, the organization urged the Jurisdictional Administrative Mining Authority (AJAM) to take legal action against the mining operators harming the country’s natural heritage and to expel them with the support of law enforcement.

The interest in land also fueled divisions within Torewa, which is part of the TCO Lecos de Apolo. In the early 2000s, the announcement of the Chepete-El Bala hydroelectric project caused a split within the community, leading to the creation of “Torewa Campesina,” backed by the Federation of Farmers of Apolo, despite being located within the titled area granted to CIPLA and inside Madidi.

Referring to the unresolved murder of Francisco Marupa, Gutiérrez stated that there has been no progress in the investigation and that the case remains stagnant. “For indigenous peoples, justice does not exist. It’s as if our lives have no value simply because we are indigenous from the Bolivian Amazon,” he added.

He also lamented that the Bolivian Navy refuses to assist in the search for Torewa’s second chief, Florencio García, about 40 years old, who disappeared in the Beni River after his canoe capsized on Sunday, March 9, while transporting agricultural products to the Sunday market in Rurrenabaque.

“The Navy simply responds that the currents are too strong and that they cannot navigate,” said Gutiérrez, reiterating that there is no assistance for the Lecos, who, in addition to lacking potable water in their community, also do not have a health post or electricity.

(Source: COPDEAPBO)

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