Economic slowdown demands concerted adjustment measures | Desaceleración económica exige medidas de ajuste concertadas

By Antonio Rocha, El Deber:

Given the situation in the current year’s first quarter, with higher year-on-year inflation accumulated by March, the persistent decline in national exports, reduced imports due to the absence of competitive currency and payment methods, coupled with shortages of fuel and inputs for industry and agriculture, I believe we must fasten our seat belts and use oxygen masks in anticipation of greater turbulence and a possible forced landing.

It makes no sense to continue denying reality and claiming that everything is fine when we cannot import, when we have to buy dollars at a 20% premium over the official exchange rate, when we lose 30% of the production of the main national crop due to the absence of biotechnology, when there is not enough diesel to harvest the summer crops, or when we cannot fully utilize the waterway due to lack of cleaning and dredging in the access channel. We are not fine!

In addition to the structural problems of economic policy resulting from the current model’s implementation, such as the swollen fiscal deficit, the bloating of the public sector and state-owned enterprises, unsustainable and opaque subsidy policies, and public investments without tenders in companies with uncertain returns. Beyond these afflictions affecting the economy, we must realize that we are all in the same boat; therefore, either we all reach a safe harbor or we all flounder, so we must row together in concert.

Let’s look at the external context and forecasts. In its latest report on the World Economic Outlook, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) warns of a slowdown in global economy to just over 3%, marking a negative trend in the growth rate until 2029. The main reason is the absence of resilient structural adjustment measures that take into account emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge-based Exports, particularly in middle and low-income economies, which will further widen the growth gap with more developed countries.

Meanwhile, the World Bank’s latest review of its regional reports on Latin America and the Caribbean economies predicts that GDP growth in the Region will close at 2% for 2023 and is expected to reach 2.3% in 2024. The Bank’s outlook for Bolivia is not encouraging, due to problems of public deficit, reduction of reserves, and level of indebtedness, with a confirmation of a 2.4% GDP increase in 2023 and a prospect of reduction to 1.4% for 2024. This economic contraction is already observed in sectors such as agriculture, hydrocarbons, and services in the first quarter of this year.

Regarding global trade forecasts, the WTO reported that “global trade in goods is expected to gradually rebound this year following a contraction in 2023 driven by persistent effects of high energy prices and inflation. World merchandise trade volume should increase by 2.6% in 2024 and 3.3% in 2025 after falling by 1.2% in 2023. However, regional conflicts, geopolitical tensions, and uncertainty in economic policy pose significant downside risks to the forecast.” In Bolivia’s case, the official report from the INE for the first month of the year already shows a 28% reduction in exports and a 10% reduction in imports.

Now, what are the adjustment measures that need to be concerted to avoid further deterioration of the economy and undesirable higher devaluation and inflation? The first and most urgent measures should be aimed at resolving or mitigating the financial and currency crisis. The more than $50 million obtained from BCB bonds should be reinjected into the financial system; relief credit should be sought from the IMF for balance of payments to inject at least $1.2 billion into the financial system; the legal reserve requirement in dollars should be reduced, the Financial Transaction Tax (ITF) should be eliminated, and the free exchange market should be decriminalized.

In terms of external trade policy, exports from all sectors should be completely liberalized while simultaneously freeing imports of inputs and raw materials for industry, including imports of soybeans, corn, and wheat to cover the grain milling deficit in the agro-industrial sector. If the export of raw materials is liberalized, it is only fair to liberalize their importation, ensuring equitable conditions.

Finally, along with freeing the use of biotechnology in agricultural production, the policy of incentivizing the importation of capital goods should be maintained, and greater public investment should be directed towards logistical infrastructure and trade facilitation, instead of continuing to purchase state-owned plants to accommodate politicians.

Unemployment Poverty

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