Seven Urgent Liberal Reforms | Siete reformas liberales de urgencia

Antonio Saravia, Brujula DIgital:

Today concludes three unforgettable weeks. For most of February, and just as we did last June, we toured several cities in the country talking about liberalism. Once again, we shook up the board and shifted the ideological needle by proposing measures to pull the country out of crisis and decisively set it on the path to development.

We started in Santa Cruz, enjoying its beautiful carnival, and continued through Cochabamba, Tarija, Yacuiba, and La Paz. The reception was, once again, friendly, warm, and full of hope and optimism. We held over 20 public talks, more than 30 interviews, two debates, multiple meetings with different sectors, etc. The agenda was rich and varied, but the feeling was always the same: students, businessmen, trade unionists, civic leaders, teachers, and merchants, we are all fed up with statism. Weariness and the clamor for a paradigm shift are palpable. Bolivians do not want to live another minute condemned to the will of the State and demand the ability to develop their own life projects independent of politicians.

Bolivia is sick with statism, and this disease has become chronic over the last 20 years. When journalists ask me if I am an “ultra” liberal, my answer is always the same: the only extremists are the hooligans in the stands and the politicians of the MAS (Movement for Socialism). They are the “extremists” of statism. How else can we describe a party that decides to spend 80% of GDP in each General State Budget? How do we call a government that spends $19 million per day just on salaries for the 600,000 bureaucrats of its party? How do we address a government that insists on maintaining more than 70 inefficient and deficit-ridden state-owned enterprises? How do we speak to a government that has condemned us to fiscal deficits of around 8% of GDP for eleven consecutive years? How do we address a government that squandered the $60 billion we earned from gas sales between 2006 and 2014? How do we address a government that depleted our foreign reserves, leaving us without dollars and without fuel? They are the “extremists,” and people no longer want to see them anywhere near.

If our ailment is statism, the cure is liberalism with deep reforms. There are many things to change, but the first is to shore up the economy that is dying on us. During this tour, I have been proposing 7 urgent liberal points that cannot wait.

  1. We must eliminate subsidies for fuel and food. The subsidy costs us between $1.7 and 2 billion per year, which represents half of the fiscal deficit. This is unsustainable for any country. The subsidy is killing us. That’s why the government has to deplete reserves and indebt us more and more. That’s why we don’t have dollars. The subsidy also leads us to make bad decisions because prices do not reflect the real scarcity of goods and services. We live in a bubble, in the land of make-believe, and thus we will never allocate our resources efficiently. There are creative and strategic ways to eliminate the subsidy, it can be done, but someone has to take the bull by the horns.
  2. We must eliminate the more than 70 state-owned enterprises maintained by the government. Just like that, no anesthesia. None of them serves any purpose. I wish we could privatize some of them, but I doubt anyone in their right mind would want to buy Quipus, BOA, Cartonbol, or the Cable Car. Nor do I believe in the option of handing them over to their workers. If they form a consortium and buy them (including the debts) perfect, but typically workers do not have the entrepreneurial vision or investment capacity required to make a profitable company.
  3. We must reduce the state apparatus from 600,000 public employees to 300,000. We cannot continue living with such bureaucracy that only causes us problems and red tape. We cannot continue paying $19 million per day just in salaries. We must go from 21 ministries to 10, and from 52 vice ministries to 30. We are not the first country to decide to reduce its state apparatus. There are creative ways to do it while avoiding social upheaval. What is required is the political will to do so.
  4. We must eliminate export quotas, price controls, and undertake a profound tax reform that reduces taxes, lowers rates, and makes them easy to pay. This will generate a powerful boost to productive activity because it will remove the influence of the State in our lives and generate incentives to accumulate wealth.
  5. We must deregulate the labor market. How do companies formalize hiring someone paying minimum wages, insurance, bonuses, double bonuses, etc., and then have to justify layoffs to the Ministry if they decide to reduce their staff? Doesn’t the government understand that the more regulations, the more expensive the worker and therefore fewer workers hired? Don’t the extremists understand that Bolivian workers are condemned to informality (85% of the economy) or unemployment precisely because of the slew of labor regulations supposedly designed to protect the worker?
  6. We must offer legal security to companies and individuals. We will never attract private investment if we constantly change the rules of the game and do not have a fair and efficient judicial system. We must also rescue private property submerged in commerce, transportation, and agricultural property. The informal economy operates with millions of dollars of capital that cannot be formally leveraged. If we reduce taxes, bureaucracy, and regulations, all that informality will have incentives to formalize, and we will have rescued huge amounts of operating capital.
  7. We must open borders to import and export. This implies eliminating tariffs and other customs charges by legalizing smuggling. The domestic industry should not compete by tripping up imports. If we reduce taxes and red tape, if we offer legal security, if we eliminate regulations, quotas, and price controls, the domestic industry will be able to compete without the need for tariffs that only raise the prices of imported products for the poorest families in the country.

This is just the beginning because there are many things to change. In a wave of second-generation reforms, we must think about reforms in education, health, and pensions. We must also think about reforming the Constitution and returning to the Republic. But first things first. These 7 points move us decisively towards liberalism, shore up our economy, and generate the incentives to create wealth. The reforms are tough and involve adjustment, but the sacrifice is also borne by the politicians whose government size and influence on the economy we reduce.

If we move towards the liberal paradigm, Bolivians will be able to live as we always wanted, independent of the government, creating wealth for our families, and leaving our young talent in the country instead of expelling it due to lack of opportunities.

Antonio Saravia has a PhD in Economics (Twitter: @tufisaravia)

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