A subsidy that is difficult to sustain | Una subvención difícil de sostener

Editorial, El Deber:

For almost a decade, the Bolivian economy has had a worrying fiscal deficit, mostly attributed to the subsidy of imported hydrocarbons. It is undeniable that the subsidized price of gasoline and diesel has contributed to containing inflation and has generated economic benefits, which means that any attempt to eliminate it faces social resistance, as occurred in 2010 when President Evo Morales reversed his ‘gasolinazo’ ‘ because of popular pressure.

The deficit persists and is reflected in the 2024 General State Budget, which provides for a subsidy of 1.4 billion dollars for the acquisition of hydrocarbons and a fiscal deficit of 7.8%. Both figures indicate the continuity of the Government’s economic policy to avoid social conflicts. The crucial question is: How long will the State be able to bear these losses?

Like test balloons, voices have emerged within the ruling party that suggest the unsustainability of the status quo. Even President Luis Arce admitted in a speech that the country pays a “huge” price for the import of diesel and gasoline. A MAS deputy proposed reconsidering the subsidy, pointing out its links to illegal activities.

Experts warn about the negative effects of the subsidy, from state debt to the shortage of dollars and the low country risk rating. Smugglers take advantage of the situation, re-exporting up to 20% of the cheap fuel to other countries, where they sell it at the international price. Illegal mining also benefits, causing fuel shortages for domestic and legal consumption. The biggest losers are industry, construction and agriculture, sectors that pay taxes and generate growth for the country.

There are partial low-risk solutions that have not been taken advantage of. The Government has not taken steps to allow other actors to close the subsidy gap without significant social impact. For example, the law allows private entrepreneurs to directly import fuels, an option that would reduce tax expenditure and eliminate shortages for the productive sector. However, this possibility has not been accepted by centralism, apparently due to its desire to monopolize strategic decisions.

Some energy analysts propose sophisticated options, such as differentiated pricing for fuel consumers, suggesting that owners of high-end vehicles should pay more. They even propose that the supply of diesel and gasoline be denied to undocumented or ‘chutos’ vehicles.

Gradual adjustments and smart measures could minimize the impact on the population, allowing for a smoother transition rather than an abrupt removal of subsidies. A commitment to ethanol could reduce dependence on imported fuels, making it essential for the Government to negotiate with producers a greater supply of this substitute biofuel.

The participation of various actors, including civil society representatives and energy experts, in a process of consultation and dialogue is essential before making significant decisions. This would help to better understand the implications and consider various perspectives.

The need for adjustments becomes increasingly urgent, and there are now more politicians from the ruling party and the opposition who recognize it, except those who will surely try to take political advantage of an imminent popular rejection. Despite everything, the country has no choice but to advance in the gradual application of corrective measures to begin to reverse this unsustainable situation.

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