Bolivia Faces the Challenge of Rebuilding the Economy and Social Dialogue After 50 Days of Protests | Bolivia encara el reto de recomponer economía y diálogo social tras 50 días de protestas

By Gabriel Romano, EFE; Vision 360:

Experts agree that the Government must improve its management, revive the economy, and rebuild ties with social sectors in order to prevent a new escalation of conflict.

Personas ofreciendo sus productos en un mercado en La Paz (Bolivia). Foto: EFE

People offering their products at a market in La Paz, Bolivia. Photo: EFE

With road blockades now lifted after 50 days of protests, the government of Bolivian President Rodrigo Paz faces the challenge of restoring economic activity and repairing its relationship with the social sectors that drove the mobilizations, in a context where the underlying causes of the conflict remain unresolved.

The road blockades, which began on May 6 and were organized by labor unions and peasant groups demanding Paz’s resignation, ended this week after disrupting supplies of food, fuel, and medical oxygen in several cities, while also halting transportation and part of the country’s economic activity.

Experts consulted by EFE agreed that the Government must improve its governance, revive the economy, and rebuild its ties with social sectors to avoid another escalation of unrest following a crisis that left at least 16 people dead—13 of them due to a lack of timely medical care caused by the blockades—and resulted in losses exceeding $3 billion.

“Everyone Has Lost”

President Paz stated on Tuesday that the blockade “has been defeated and cannot return,” adding that the state of emergency will remain in place because Bolivia “must be brought back into order” to prevent a recurrence of the situation. He also said that the country must now “build and develop a nation where all Bolivians feel they have the opportunity to prosper.”

Political scientist Franklin Pareja told EFE that, to avoid a similar scenario, the Government must begin showing “signs of macroeconomic recovery,” combat corruption, and implement “deep equity programs” in rural areas. Otherwise, he warned, new expressions of social discontent could emerge with greater public support.

According to analyst Ricardo Paz, there are “no winners” in this conflict; rather, “everyone has lost,” from the Government—which he said made “several mistakes”—to the unions and groups linked to former President Evo Morales(2006–2019), which, in his view, emerged “badly weakened, diminished, and discredited.”

In that regard, he argued that the administration must make a “shift” in its political leadership, “significantly improve public management and implement the necessary reforms more efficiently,” while also drastically transforming its communication strategy.

The protests began in the department of La Paz, home to Bolivia’s executive and legislative branches, but later spread to nearly all of the country’s departments. At their peak, roadblocks approached one hundred locations, mainly concentrated in the Andean region and central Bolivia.

Protest leaders argued that Paz, who has been in office for seven months, excluded them from decision-making despite their support for his candidacy in the 2025 general election. They also accused him of seeking to privatize state-owned companies and increase the cost of basic services—claims the Government denied.

Initially, the demonstrations coincided with demands from other sectors, including teachers, Amazonian Indigenous groups, transport workers, and mining cooperatives, many of which gradually ended their protests after reaching agreements with the Government.

On May 11, groups aligned with Morales joined the mobilizations through a march that began in the Bolivian highlands and arrived in La Paz a week later. In response, the Government accused the former president of financing the protests with proceeds from drug trafficking, an allegation Morales denied.

Preventing New Conflicts

After seven weeks of unrest and following agreements with sectors such as the Bolivian Workers’ Central (COB), Paz declared a state of emergency on Saturday, allowing police and military forces to jointly clear the roads. The measure remained in effect until Tuesday and was carried out with virtually no incidents, as most conflict zones no longer had demonstrators present.

Pareja argued that if the Government succeeds in advancing economic recovery and implementing equity policies, “the mobilization capacity of radical groups will decline.” However, he warned that if the root causes of the conflict are not addressed, “new expressions of popular discontent could re-emerge with greater social support.”

“We cannot say there are winners when the social, political, and economic costs have been so high (…) the conflict may be coming to an end, but the underlying problem remains,” Pareja added.

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