The average Bolivian could lose up to half of the purchasing power of their income | El boliviano promedio podría perder hasta la mitad del poder adquisitivo de sus ingresos

By Gonzalo Colque, Vision 360:

Crisis in the Pocket: When the Bolivian Loses Purchasing Power

An inflation rate of 10% or more can be considered an invisible tax, with a real impact far greater for consumers.

We closed 2024 with high inflation rates: a 9.97% variation in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and 15.4% in the food sector, according to data released by the National Institute of Statistics (INE). This is an unusual and concerning phenomenon, considering that the average of recent years was around 2%.

A higher inflation rate means the national currency loses its purchasing power and is worth less in transactions. For example, we used to be able to buy $100 USD with 696 Bs. Today, with an exchange rate of 11 Bs in the parallel market, the same 696 Bs are only enough for $63 USD.

This demonstrates that, in daily life, inflation exceeds official estimates. Another significant change is the price of chicken. Last month, the cost per kilo increased by 4.2 Bs, a 26.7% variation compared to the average price of previous years (2012-2023). And we can continue listing other basic goods. Rarely does a consumer encounter prices that have risen only between 10% and 15%.

The outlook for 2025 is not promising. Frozen, fixed, and regulated prices are on the verge of changing. Transport workers are pushing for fare increases, and bakers are determined to raise the price of daily bread.

Some annually variable prices are already under negotiation: school tuition, educational materials, housing and business premises rents, internet and communication services, financial and public service fees, taxes, and more. The wage increase will hover around 10%, worsening the fragility of small businesses and the labor market.

In other words, the national currency will continue to lose its purchasing power in the coming months and, likely, years. The consequences are already tangible for the population, from a drastic decrease in families’ savings capacity—turning into dissaving in many cases—to food insecurity due to insufficient income among lower strata. Living with the loss of purchasing power will not be easy for the vast majority of Bolivians who barely live above the poverty line.

It wouldn’t be an exaggeration to say that by the end of 2025, the average Bolivian could lose up to half of the purchasing power of their income. Frozen and subsidized prices will become increasingly unsustainable and, at some point, will have to change—an undesirable scenario due to its multiplier effects on other prices and the economy as a whole. Ideally, incomes should improve at the same rate, but we know there are no objective conditions for national economic growth. As a country, we are closer to stagnation than economic recovery.

The loss of purchasing power is a complex phenomenon that, under current circumstances, cannot be attributed to global or external factors. The collapse of gas revenue was not due to a lack of markets or low prices but rather to our missteps. The world continues to demand lithium, yet exploitation projects failed for reasons solely attributable to decisions made by the national government.

The economic model implemented since 2006 is the underlying cause. On the one hand, government policies created a high economic dependency on frozen prices, subsidies, and imports. The model discouraged national production with added value, thereby stunting the competitiveness of domestic products in international markets. On the other hand, multimillion-dollar investments in creating the “state enterprise” did not yield the expected results in terms of production, exports, or the generation of productive employment.

In conclusion, an inflation rate of 10% or more can be considered an invisible tax, with a real impact far greater for consumers. We are beginning to pay the high costs generated by economic policies implemented nearly 20 years ago.

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