The Negative Legacy of National-Popular Ideology | La herencia negativa de lo nacional-popular

By H. C. F.  Mansilla, Brújula Digital:

Being generous, we can estimate that about 10,000 people read Brújula Digital and similar newspapers daily. Stretching generosity further, perhaps 100,000 readers across the country share the core ideas these media outlets propagate. This is less than 1% of Bolivia’s population of over 11 million. Though seemingly insignificant, this figure raises vital questions: Why is environmental protection so unpopular? Why is rationality so rarely applied in public life? Why does caudillismo remain so significant? Why is there widespread indifference toward bureaucracy and red tape?

One initial response is that sociopolitical rationality, effective respect for natural ecosystems, and a modern, pluralist democracy are values cultivated by that 1% who regularly engage with the few remaining serious newspapers in Bolivia.

This situation demands long-term reflection—a scarce commodity in a society that prioritizes short-term thinking and actions. This assertion is evident in the practical-political attitudes of diverse social sectors. Private entrepreneurs, agribusiness managers, colonizer groups (“intercultural brothers”), farmer associations, coca growers, gold miners in tropical rivers, leftist parties, progressive intellectuals, and even indigenous activists have all remained silent on the massive forest fires in eastern Bolivia. This complicit silence aligns with the probable opinion of the majority: that such fires are a minor issue compared to the urgent goal of agricultural expansion. In general, land covered in concrete is deemed far more valuable than areas preserving their natural vegetation.

A pressing issue today is how to change this prevailing mindset, which prevents Bolivian society from entering a rationalist modernity and embracing a democratic, tolerant, and pluralist political culture. Instead, influential progressive thinkers have promoted the veneration of national-popular ideology, support for charismatic leaders, reinforcement of collective prejudices, consolidation of authoritarian political culture, and a proudly provincial mentality. Politically, this is marked by a pronounced infantilism.

Many media personalities contribute to the manipulation of a poorly informed and therefore malleable public, serving the interests of those in power. Recently, some intellectuals aligned with the MAS (Movimiento al Socialismo) have timidly acknowledged minor mistakes in the party’s actions. With feigned naivety and an air of moral superiority, they claim that some MAS leaders have, in recent years, become laughable and contemptible figures—”harlequins and buffoons” of the public stage. In reality, however—with few notable exceptions—they have been typical opportunists, focused on the age-old political objectives of accumulating wealth and power. Political opposition leaders, with some exceptions, share these characteristics, as most come from a common cultural background.

Leftist intellectuals, who have never embraced self-criticism, obstruct the development of a tolerant, pluralist collective mentality open to modern democracy. Through their obscurantist activities and promotion of frivolous cultural trends with a veneer of progressiveness, they undermine this progress. These are the same individuals who dismiss science as a “mere mask of power” and, following postmodernist traditions, reject any serious attempt at objectivity, hypocritically claiming that “power is the root of all evil.” This naive and childish stance aligns well with the practical and intense enjoyment derived from occupying high state positions.

Occasionally, these figures reference the outside world, naively adhering to the tactical principle: “The enemies of our enemies are our friends.” They attribute numerous virtues to these allies: anti-imperialism, anti-Westernism, and anti-rationalism. Without much knowledge (and without wanting to learn unpleasant details), they vigorously support the so-called “Club of Satraps” (Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea) and exalt the Latin American allies of this group, forming the “Club of Mediocrities” (Cuba, Venezuela, and Nicaragua). These regimes dedicate themselves with enviable zeal to exploiting their own peoples most mercilessly, despite the chronic economic crises they create. Our intellectuals remain indifferent to the suffering of these peoples, just as they disregard the loss of time, money, and dignity associated with Bolivia’s judicial system, bureaucracy, and red tape.

All is not lost, however. World history demonstrates that a nation’s past, no matter how negative, does not necessarily determine its future. Rationalist education, institutional improvements in state structures, international connections, and the silent efforts of high-quality critical authors can gradually and over time reshape a nation’s mindset. This underscores the importance of the persistent work of Bolivia’s challenging columnists, whose intellectual caliber ranks among the best in Latin America. These writers transcend daily events to explore the deeper dimensions of the economy, history, popular culture, and the need for peaceful coexistence: Alfonso Gumucio, Eduardo Leaño, Gonzalo Mendieta, Juan Antonio Morales, Jorge Patiño, Pedro Portugal, and Francesco Zaratti.

Unfortunately, only the aforementioned 1% of the population reads and perhaps shares the ideas of these writers. In the short term, we can expect the following: in 2025, millions of hectares of vegetation in eastern Bolivia will burn again, met with widespread indifference; political elites will remain mediocre; and the state bureaucracy will continue to produce its characteristic irrationality.

H. C. F. Mansilla is a philosopher and political scientist.

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