As expected, a series of mistakes confirmed the useless of socialism in Bolivia! | ¡Como era de esperar, una serie de errores confirmaron la inutilidad del socialismo en Bolivia!

By Peter Millard – Sergio Mendoza, Bloomberg, Eju.tv:

How a series of mistakes ruined a socialist success story in Latin America

Bolivia, once a natural gas powerhouse, now faces an economic crisis after years of miscalculations and unsustainable policies.

Cómo una serie de errores arruinó una historia de éxito socialista en América Latina
How a series of mistakes ruined a socialist success story in Latin America

For years, Bolivia was considered the Latin American socialist country that achieved a rare combination of economic growth, low inflation, and poverty reduction.

The political capital of La Paz stands as a monument to those boom years. A 19-mile cable car network—the largest in the world—connects the maze of cliffs and canyons that make up the city, located 12,000 feet above sea level. The gleaming presidential tower rises 25 stories above downtown, while a massive legislative headquarters is visible from all over the city.

It was all paid for with the natural gas export boom. Then it all imploded, bringing down Bolivia’s socialist dream.

The blame lies with a series of miscalculations and unsustainable policies implemented since the beginning of the century. The lack of investment and exploration in gas fields eventually sank production, leading to the current diesel shortage across the country.

“We thought we had a Qatar of gas,” said Franklin Molina Ortiz, who served as Bolivia’s Minister of Energy and Hydrocarbons for more than three years under President Luis Arce until earlier this year. “We weren’t looking at the right numbers.”

Moreover, fuel subsidies—which make gasoline even cheaper than in Saudi Arabia—have drained foreign currency reserves and sparked a black market for scarce dollars. The nation’s fiscal deficit is at record levels, and economists are raising alarms about the risk of an inflationary spiral. And Bolivians are feeling the squeeze.

Any further fallout would only add to the chaos in a region already experiencing unrest and contribute to the wave of migrants that has created social tensions throughout the Americas. In neighboring Argentina, more than half of the population now lives below the poverty line.

In Venezuela, citizens are demoralized after a highly contested vote and a harsh wave of repression by President Nicolás Maduro. In Ecuador, transnational drug trafficking gangs have unleashed a wave of violence that is undermining the rule of law and the overall economy. More disruptions could reverberate across the region, even reaching the U.S. border.

None of this bodes well for Arce, who has denied accusations that he orchestrated a coup attempt in June to boost his popularity. Speculation is mounting that he may not last the remainder of his term, as his constituents grow increasingly restless.

A visit to a gas station on the outskirts of La Paz is enough to see how tough things have become.

There, a line of flatbed trucks and semitrailers stretches for more than a mile because the government doesn’t have enough cash to keep subsidized diesel flowing.

“We’ve been here since five in the morning and aren’t even close to the front,” said Fortunado Paco, 74, who has never seen such shortages in his 40 years of driving trucks. “We’ve protested because the current government needs to solve this.”

In Bolivia, incomes have stagnated at 2,800 bolivianos ($405) a month, slightly below 2015 levels, according to Fundación Milenio. Long lines snake around state grocery stores as families wait for the limited supply of subsidized food products. Strict limits on sending money abroad have financially trapped Bolivians with families overseas.

Scattered protests have been occurring for months, and Bolivian truckers are threatening to strike and block roads to effectively paralyze the mountainous nation.

“The government of Luis Arce is leading us to an economic disaster,” said Hugo Domingo Ramos, head of a heavy transport federation. “There’s no gasoline, no foreign currency, no jobs. We are in a state of emergency.”

Arce’s Plan

From an elegant meeting room in the presidential tower, with carved wooden doors and a large painting of revolutionary heroes, including Emiliano Zapata, Fidel Castro, and Hugo Chávez, Arce projected calm. He blamed his former mentor and ex-president Evo Morales for the crisis.

When Morales reformed the natural gas industry in 2006, he raised taxes so high that major oil companies like TotalEnergies SE, Repsol SA, Shell Plc, and Petróleo Brasileiro SA limited themselves to producing from the wells they had already drilled instead of spending to increase output at existing fields or attempt to find new ones.

The government also used overly optimistic calculations regarding how much gas had already been discovered, with little consideration for the investments needed to keep production stable over the coming decades.

Over time, production began to stagnate, and Bolivia became a net energy importer in 2022. This has collided with the growing demand for subsidized energy that Bolivia can no longer afford.

“The biggest problem we’ve faced is that no exploration was done,” Arce said. “There’s a decline in oil and gas fields and, on the other hand, an increase in domestic demand.”

Additionally, the country missed opportunities to diversify into other industries such as lithium, steel, and agriculture.

But he is confident that Bolivia is on the brink of a turnaround.

Thanks to exploration initiated during Arce’s term, the national oil and gas company could start producing from a mega field as early as 2026. Investments in steel production, agriculture, and biofuels are beginning to take effect and will help the country through its current adversities, he claimed.

Arce is also busy building biodiesel plants that can even recycle homemade cooking oil into fuel for engines. According to him, three of these plants will replace 60% of diesel consumption in Bolivia by the end of 2026.

The queues that truck drivers like Paco have been stuck in are sporadic inconveniences that will be resolved with imports from politically aligned exporters, including Russia.

“We are fine. We are growing,” said Arce. “It’s a temporary crisis.”

Too far away

Not everyone believes the president’s promises.

The mega field Arce talks about still needs more exploration to determine if it is commercially viable, and Bolivia did not develop its vast lithium reserves when prices were high, said Diego von Vacano, a Bolivian who teaches political science at Texas A&M University and was an informal advisor to Arce at the beginning of his term.

Bolivia has signed lithium agreements with Russian companies that lack a proven track record in the industry while rejecting more experienced U.S. and European firms, von Vacano said.

For a nation of just 11.3 million inhabitants, Bolivia still has enormous potential in natural resources that could resolve its current economic pain. There are some wild exploiters and criminal groups that do not pay taxes and produce billions of dollars worth of gold. Limited technology means that the country is not capable of extracting lithium at industrial levels, nor can it process iron ore, which means it is leaving profits on the table.

The immense wind and solar potential remains largely untapped. The mountains, jungles, and archaeological sites of Bolivia offer potential to make it a much greater tourist destination than it currently is.

“We could have solved this problem,” said Cecilia Isabel Requena Zarate, an opposition senator on the climate committee. “We could have diversified more.”

Analysts and opposition legislators argue that fuel subsidies and the artificially strong exchange rate are unsustainable. Bolivia fixed the exchange rate in 2011 to hover between 6.86 and 6.96 per dollar. But given the shortage of greenbacks, it now costs more than 10 bolivianos to buy a dollar on the black market.

“At this moment, the Bolivian economy is entering a crisis or is already in crisis,” said Mauricio Medinaceli, a researcher and former Bolivian Hydrocarbons Minister who recommends a gradual phasing out of fuel subsidies. “What needs to happen now is to control the damage.”

Still, Arce is in no hurry to raise subsidized fuel prices, which Bolivians consider a birthright. He is not alone: Last year, countries spent an astounding $616 billion on fossil fuel subsidies to prevent civil unrest and prop up their economies.

Former President Morales had tried to roll back subsidies in 2010 but quickly abandoned the idea after it sparked protests across the country.

“The opposition is pressuring me to take the same measure, to have the same social problems we had in 2010,” said Arce, who is organizing a national referendum for Bolivians to decide for themselves whether the subsidies should remain or disappear. “We want to take this issue to the people.”

Gasoline in Bolivia costs 54 cents per liter, less than 62 cents in Saudi Arabia and 94 cents in the U.S., according to Global Petrol Prices, a website that tracks energy costs.

On October 7, Arce ordered the militarization of the border to stop the flow of subsidized fuel and food out of the country, where these goods can be sold for profit.

In the struggle

Not only working-class truck drivers like Paco are suffering from the economic spiral in Bolivia.

High-class families in the upscale southern part of La Paz are struggling to obtain foreign currency for their children studying abroad. As a result of the dollar shortage, banks and money transfer services have imposed strict limits on how much each person can send and how much each Bolivian can receive overseas. It can be a logistical struggle to get $500 a month to children abroad.

Some parents are requesting the Ministry of Economy to allow them to simply pay for their children’s studies in the United States, Europe, or Asia. None of them wanted their names published for fear of government retaliation.

A Bolivian student in South Korea went two days without eating while the family dealt with the bureaucracy of currency exchange, according to the parents.

The Ministry of Economy declined to comment.

Arce’s advice is to buy cryptocurrencies instead of dollars as a way to navigate the “temporary” monetary crisis.

“He has his head in the sand,” said von Vacano of Texas A&M. “His main goal is to stay in power.”

By Patricia Cadena, Eju.tv

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