The Popular Discourse | El discurso popular

By Renzo Abruzzese, El Deber:

Throughout the 20th century, the national left considered that all the nation’s ills were associated with class interests. Given that the vast majority of the people experienced chronic poverty as a result of the existence of an anti-national oligarchy, the universal reference point ended up being the people. Everything that had some degree of visibility had to be part of the people; otherwise, it was just a mirage or, at best, a bourgeois contrivance.

In the face of the hegemony of the popular, politics became subsumed by the discourse of poverty and the miserable conditions in which the people lived. Hence, it made sense to say that the essence of the nation was expressed in the “national-popular.” The popular became the general category of discourse: it covered everything, explained everything, and it was assumed that eliminating its causes would solve everything. Other interpretations, government programs, ideological discourses, or musical potpourri were only legitimate if they were somehow inscribed in the vast scale of the popular.

As the primary heir to Marxist ideology, indigenist thought became hijacked by Marxist precepts. The possibility of generating a critical thought capable of recognizing the multiplicity of factors that make a society what it truly is, subsumed indigenist discourses, which were so useful and productive in the 20th century, transforming them (today) into veritable straitjackets that ultimately express themselves as efficient mechanisms of unipolar and exclusionary authoritarianism.

Any form of interpreting reality that did not repeat the Marxist precepts of the past century and the indigenist ones of the present, or any argument that did not recognize itself as part of the popular, is immediately excluded, segregated, and repressed in various ways, some subtle and others brutal. The consequence is that nearly two decades of silence imposed by the MAS and systematic semantic and symbolic repression have degraded politics, ideological discourses, political foundations, and arguments inherent to modern rationality into a sort of irrelevant creeds and mediocre discourses, products of the “criollo cunning,” light years away from political debate. All politics appears fallacious, simplistic, with trivial justifications and mediocre protagonists. It is impossible to recognize men of the stature of those who transformed the nation immediately after the Chaco War. Figures like Buch, Villarroel, or Paz Estenssoro are almost mythical and indeed unattainable today. We live in the closure of the universe of discourse, as Marcuse would say, and under these conditions, MAS has condemned more than one generation to mediocrity.

The dream of a little dictator like García Linera or a politician with a lot of intuition and little culture like Evo Morales to control a society of a single thought, with a dominant native language, a dominant Andean worldview, a dominant indigenist ideology, and an eternal and dominant ruler, was thrown into the garbage of history by the new popular bourgeoisie, the development of a powerful fair economy, and a growing middle class, all democratic and citizens before being populists. Thank God.

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