We have the key to our development, but we are not using it | Tenemos la llave de nuestro desarrollo, pero no la estamos usando

By Oscar Antezana, El Dia:

Throughout this series of four articles, we have pointed to the pressing need for a development strategy; otherwise, we may achieve economic growth without actual development. Hasn’t that been the case during the 20 years of MAS rule, even if we go further back? In these pieces, we have addressed three central issues for a Bolivian strategy: more state or more market, the bad habit of chasing “miracle resources,” and the role of embassies in contributing to the country’s strategy and development.

The final question is inevitable: what kind of economy could Bolivia build over the next two or three decades? The answer does not require discovering new resources. It requires clearly recognizing what the country already has. Bolivia possesses a rare combination—a key to development: unique natural environments and enormous agricultural diversity.

From the Salar de Uyuni to the Amazon and the Andes, the country has extraordinary tourism potential. At the same time, thousands of small producers grow products with high value for international markets. If these sectors were developed strategically—and if they included both urban and rural sectors, entrepreneurs, workers, and farmers—Bolivia could position itself as a power in nature tourism and premium foods. This would imply developing complete value chains, integrating producers, improving quality standards, and building an internationally recognized national brand. But this potential does not materialize automatically. It requires coordination among stakeholders, coherent public policies, and strategic investment. In short, it requires a long-term vision.

Let us remember that the announcements regarding the presentation and eventual enactment of laws and reforms, repeated for months by the government, while important, are merely instruments. An investment law and a hydrocarbons law are what have been most frequently announced. Let us take an example: what will those investments target? Any and all investment? Are all investments good? Do they all contribute to development? The answer is no. Are investments in the hydrocarbons sector positive? Yes, they are—but not for laying the foundations of development. Exploration and production are needed to ensure energy independence, which is essential for executing any strategy; exporting is needed to generate foreign currency that fuels the economy, both for domestic investment and consumption. In other words, those resources must serve to create a sustainable and inclusive productive base. But what is the strategy? We cannot continue to view the hydrocarbons sector as merely a generator of foreign exchange and a key input for economic activity without knowing for what purpose. The difference will not lie in the available resources. It will lie in the clarity of the strategy. Because development is not an accident. It is a decision.

We cannot develop everything; by definition, a strategy cannot achieve everything at once. All policies—on infrastructure (roads and airports), digitalization, education, workforce, taxation, judicial matters, etc.—must support the strategy’s objectives. Our development cannot be “everything,” because, as we have seen, we have developed nothing. We remain as or more vulnerable, we have not built any competitive advantage as a country, and we have not improved human capital. If anything, we have wasted resources of all kinds and time. Finally, the government must align any assistance from the international community with the strategy, and our embassies must operate around it.

Let us not forget that Chile has persisted in a consistent development direction and policies for more than 50 years, across multiple governments, or that Peru has also maintained consistent policies for around 35 years. As development progresses, we will build greater and better capacities to enter other sectors producing more sophisticated goods with higher added value, such as clean energy products, chips, batteries, etc. (Given how rapidly the world has changed in recent decades, we may have already “missed the train” even in those sectors; moreover, it is difficult to predict which sectors those will be, but we must strengthen our human capital and our economy.)

Bolivia faces a fundamental decision that will take decades to implement. But it must begin now. Can it continue depending on cycles of natural resources and isolated projects, or can it build a more diversified, sustainable, value-added economy? Does the population understand this need and what it will take in terms of time, resources, and effort? Do politicians understand it? Here again, the government must carry out a massive communication and awareness campaign to explain this need, the expected benefits, and the necessity of support from all sectors.

We cannot keep losing time. The government cannot lose any more time. There are many urgent issues to address, but we cannot—and must not—forget what is important.

Oscar Antezana | Columnist

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