What Did They Do with the Natural Resources? | ¿Qué hicieron con los recursos naturales?

By Marianela Curi, Brujula Digital:

I want to think and trust that the gap between rhetoric and practice that prevailed over the past 20 years will finally be eliminated, and that coherence and strategic vision will prevail on this issue of great importance for the country.

Volunteers try to extinguish a forest fire. ABI photo. Archive.

If there’s one thing the MAS did consistently and persistently during its 20 years in charge of the State, it was to attack the country’s environmental heritage—its natural resources, its forests, and the biological diversity contained within them.

From the very beginning of the MAS government, its policy of colonizing the lowlands with settlers from the highlands harmed the forests and their resources. Forest fires became a tool to clear land—first by the “interculturales,” and later, through agreements with the soy and cattle business sectors—to open up vast areas for the export-oriented monoculture of soy and for cattle production aimed at selling meat to China.

Thus, policies were systematically promoted that encouraged unprecedented burning and forest fires, destroying 16 million hectares of forest in the Chiquitano and Amazon regions, mainly.

I don’t know if these losses have ever been properly monetized, but they must be added to the 40 billion dollars of debt left by the MAS—with the aggravating fact that this is heritage and resources that can never be recovered, because the native flora and fauna species lost are irreplaceable. These damages would merit a trial for accountability.

Bolivia went from being the first country in the world in the number of natural forest hectares certified under sustainable management by the FSC (2 million hectares in 2005), to becoming the second country with the highest deforestation rate in the world. We went from pride to shame.

The Forestry Law 1700, enacted in 1996, was a benchmark for several countries in the region. Brazil, Colombia, and Peru took the Bolivian model as an example to develop their own forestry legislation. In rhetoric, the MAS appeared to be the great defender of Mother Earth and the forests—it even created the “Authority of Mother Earth” and a forest law—but the gap between words and actions was always enormous. The regime that most harmed nature and biodiversity was that of the MAS.

These damages were denounced by brave environmental defenders such as the Ríos de Pie movement and some legislators. But this is not only an environmental issue—it is also an economic and national heritage matter. It is equivalent to losing the gold reserves of the Central Bank, with the difference that gold can be replaced—forests and their richness can never be restored.

Given this background, I find it quite concerning that a proposal has been made to eliminate from the Executive Branch the ministry responsible for environmental matters. It seems to be a decision already made, since that portfolio is absent from the new cabinet. I would like to think this is to give the issue a more strategic and cross-cutting approach; however, neither during the campaign nor in the speeches of Bolivia’s new President has there been any mention of concrete actions in this regard.

“This will be the government of the green future. We will defend our rivers, our forests, and our glaciers. Economic development will go hand in hand with respect for the environment. No more divorce between growth and nature.” A fine statement—but clearer signs and concrete actions are required to show how the defense of nature and the sustainable management of our renewable natural resources—land, water, and forests, the physical foundation of national development and any development model—will be addressed. Without nature and natural resources, there is no possible development.

Bolivia once had the first Ministry of Sustainable Development in the world—an innovative measure meant precisely to unite development planning with environmental conservation. Its elimination was a step backward.

I want to think and trust that the gap between rhetoric and practice that prevailed over the last 20 years will finally be eliminated, and that coherence and strategic vision will prevail on this issue of great importance for the country.

Bolivia is among the 17 megadiverse countries on the planet, and this is a comparative advantage that should become a competitive advantage for Bolivia’s economy and national development—an advantage now at risk due to the effects of the climate crisis.

That is why I ask: what will Rodrigo Paz Pereira’s government do to make up for the environmental debt left by the MAS?

Marianela Curi is a Bolivian citizen.

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