The Times and the Economic Crisis | Los tiempos y la crisis económica

By Gonzalo Chávez, Brujula Digital:

In Bolivia, the economy has shown the patience of a Tibetan lama when it comes to incubating its crisis, and the speed of a nosediving condor when it comes to unleashing it. For years, we watched the disaster slowly cook with all the classic ingredients: fiscal populism, a gas addiction, and a blind faith that international prices would always love us. But like any poorly seasoned recipe, what came out of the oven was more a ruin cake than the economic prosperity soufflé that had been promised.

As boring economists and disaster chefs well know: crises take time to develop, but once they begin, they accelerate like a runaway minibus down a steep hill. Add to that a second pearl of economic wisdom—one our rulers have treated with disdain: the longer you take to make adjustments, the more painful they become later. And boy, are we feeling the shock now.

It all began during the golden years (2006–2014), when natural gas flowed and cash did too. Like teenagers with someone else’s credit card, we splurged on everything: cash transfers, bureaucracy, sports fields, cable cars, satellites, mammoth projects, and even a museum/personality cult that had never heard of fiscal cycles.

But in 2014, the romance with international prices ended. Bolivia, which had lived off exporting natural gas and flaunting its Central Bank reserves, started to feel the downturn. Exports fell, reserves were spent like there was no tomorrow, and public debt grew.

And what did we do? Nothing structural. We spent fortunes on an industrialization plan that moves at a snail’s pace, and when the crisis hit, we just slapped on band-aids: price controls, high-interest debt, and blind subsidies that began to benefit the new rich—like the mining cooperatives. All this to maintain an exchange rate as fictitious as a Miss Universe promise: Bs 6.96 per dollar, while in the parallel market it was already selling like hotcakes at 10, 12, even 15.

After avoiding surgery for so long, the economic illness got worse. Central Bank reserves plummeted, and the feared “black dollar” emerged.

Meanwhile, we import diesel and gasoline like someone buying water in the desert: expensive and without logic. The country that once exported gas with a sense of grandeur now stands in line to import hydrocarbons in desperation.

Inflation—the old enemy of purchasing power—has returned. But this time not with the subtlety of the 1990s, but with the chaos of a disorganized street parade, like in the 1980s. The minimum wage goes up, but prices rise even faster. And products disappear like ministers facing questioning: sugar, flour, chicken… has anyone seen meat lately at a reasonable price?

Even so, the government prefers to keep handing out smiles and nominal wages rather than face the painful but inevitable economic surgery. “Everything is under control,” they say, while inflation dances caporal and the dollar climbs the highest mountains.

Here’s the painful truth: if we had made the adjustments in 2019 or even in 2021, everything would have been more gradual, more manageable, like those diets that don’t starve you. But no—we kept gorging on debt pastries and subsidy empanadas, until now the treatment is no longer syrup… it’s amputation. As Hyman Minsky once said: “A crisis takes a long time to arrive, but when it does, it escalates very rapidly.”

This is where the second lesson of the Bolivian tragedy comes in: the longer a country takes to adjust its economy, the more painful the treatment becomes. If it had been done in 2019, the exchange rate adjustment would have been gradual. Now, any move will be abrupt, unpopular, and probably traumatic. But there’s no more room for anesthesia.

Debt is harder to refinance. Creditors are wary. Inflation is hitting hard. And business confidence—that shy little creature—has gone into hiding, who knows where. What once could have been solved with outpatient surgery now requires open-heart surgery.

Is there a way out? Yes—but it’s no longer a highway. It’s a narrow, rocky, uphill road. It means cutting unproductive spending, freeing the exchange rate, cleaning up public accounts, rationalizing subsidies, and—why not—sitting down with international organizations without the Adam complex. It also means reactivating real production, betting on education, agriculture, and tourism—but above all, changing not just the economic model, but the development pattern. That is, building wealth based on human capital.

In short, Bolivia is paying the price of its economic procrastination. What could have been a moderate correction has become a multisectoral crisis. And as usually happens in such cases, those least to blame will be the hardest hit. But it’s no longer a question of choosing whether or not to adjust. The only choice left is whether to do it now, with all the pain it entails, or wait a little longer… and do it when there’s nothing left to adjust—only to regret. This is the next government’s task, regardless of ideological color.

Bolivia is where it is today not because of bad luck, or galactic conspiracies, but because of something far more human: the stubbornness of not doing what needed to be done, when it needed to be done. We preferred to look the other way, kick the can down the road, postpone the inevitable. But crises don’t wait forever. And when they come, they don’t knock—they kick the door in.

So here we are, trying to cure gangrene with ibuprofen. Maybe there’s still time to avoid the worst. But if we keep waiting, we might end up writing this article from a ration line… waiting for rice.

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