President of Anapo: “More than the subsidy, what is needed is diesel at the right time” | Presidente de Anapo: “Más que la subvención, lo que se necesita es diésel en el tiempo oportuno”

By Marisol Alvarado, Vision 360:

Fernando Romero

ALTHOUGH two biotechnology events have been approved, the validation process is still pending, so it is expected that by 2026 or 2027, this type of seed can be planted, Romero stated.

Fernando Romero, presidente de Anapo (centro), en una conferencia de prensa, junto con otros ejecutivos. Foto: Anapo

Fernando Romero, president of Anapo (center), at a press conference alongside other executives. Photo: Anapo

For the president of the Oilseed and Wheat Producers Association (Anapo), Fernando Romero, having a timely supply of diesel is even more necessary than the fuel subsidy implemented by the government.

In an interview with Visión 360, Romero addressed both the fuel shortage and export restrictions, as well as the use of biotechnology, which is still in its early stages in the country, among other topics.

What are Anapo’s main export destinations?
The main destinations for soybean grain exports in 2024, when 196,000 tons were exported (data as of November), were Peru, Argentina, Angola, and Chile, in that order of importance.

Does the soybean sector have access to the Chinese market? How attractive is it?
China is the world’s largest buyer of soybean grain, with an annual demand of 90 million tons, making it an attractive market. However, it requires large volumes and very efficient export logistics.

As Bolivia, we already have phytosanitary approval from the Chinese market for soybean grain exports, but we have not yet carried out shipments to that country.

What other grains are being exported?
Currently, as a productive sector, we are exporting soybean grain, while agro-industries export derived products (meal, flour, and oil). The same applies to sunflower grain. On a much smaller scale, there is the production of chia and some varieties of beans.
The markets are neighboring countries such as Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, and Chile, primarily.

How does Paraguay differ in this regard? That country has less arable land but exports more, or is that not the case?
About 20 years ago, Paraguay had a cultivated area similar to Bolivia’s; in other words, we were equal to or even larger than Paraguay at that time. However, today, it has expanded its planted area to three million hectares and also increased productivity to three tons per hectare. Meanwhile, Bolivia remains at two tons per hectare.

Paraguay produces 10 million tons of grain annually, while Bolivia produces three million tons.

The difference is that Paraguay has provided conditions for producers to increase production with clear and serious policies. For example, access to biotechnology with new genetically modified soybean, corn, and cotton varieties. They have also provided legal security for investments in productive land, promoted free exports without restrictions, and improved productive infrastructure and export logistics. In the latter aspect, for example, they have 35 export ports along the Paraguay-Paraná Waterway, while Bolivia has only three. These are lost opportunities.

Has the government truly opened up to the use of GMOs, or are these just initial steps?
After 20 years, we have seen some progress with the approval of two new biotechnology events for soybeans: the Intacta event and HB4, which is drought-tolerant. We consider these important steps, but still insufficient for Bolivia to fully enter the biotechnology era. Currently, the process of incorporating these events into local genetics is underway, within the framework of existing regulations.

However, I repeat, it is still insufficient. It is important to continue advancing in biotechnology, with next-generation events in soybeans and also in corn, which is essential for sustainable production due to its role in crop rotation. Ideally, we would have approval for all events used within the Mercosur bloc, as other member countries do. We must be competitive and produce under equal conditions.

Until when can planting be done under the new authorization, and when will the first harvests be available?
Although these two technologies have been approved, we still need to begin a process of validating the genetics and seeds incorporating this technology to assess their adaptability to our soil and climate conditions. This process will take about two or three more growing seasons.

We expect that by 2026 or 2027, we will have validated and approved seed varieties with these technologies, allowing producers to plant them in their production fields. We also hope to have a broader vision regarding new events.

The government is attempting to produce diesel based on oil. Can the country’s production meet this demand?
Vegetable oil is the raw material used to produce biodiesel, which could help reduce diesel oil imports. Currently, they are using soybean oil, as it is the only one available. Unfortunately, this also creates an imbalance because, on one hand, we save on fuel imports, but on the other, we stop exporting and lose revenue for the economy.

For this reason, from the outset, we have advocated for increasing soybean productivity through biotechnology to generate greater surpluses that can supply the biodiesel industry while maintaining current export levels, which bring foreign currency into the country.

It is also important for the government to promote agricultural production initiatives for other species, such as cusi, which could provide a higher vegetable oil content for biodiesel production and thus avoid affecting soybean oil production.

How do export restrictions, such as those imposed by the national government on oil, meat, and soybeans, affect the sector?
Any restriction, quota, price band, or export permit creates market distortions and also generates bureaucracy and inefficiency.

Specifically, the restriction on soybean grain exports creates uncertainty for producers regarding the correct price buyers should pay, which should be based on export opportunity prices. This is especially concerning as we are in the early stages of harvesting the summer season, where we estimate a production of 2.5 million tons.

This measure also creates uncertainty among external buyers, who now view the country with distrust.

It is an unfair and misguided measure that not only affects the more than 14,000 producers and families involved in soybean production in Bolivia but also damages the country’s credibility and ultimately impacts the economy as a whole.

How can markets be regained?
Opening markets should be a public-private effort, a process where the state provides guarantees, and private actors take responsibility. Any breach of contract or change in conditions can result in market loss. Recovering markets takes time; it is a matter of gaining the trust of foreign buyers so that they see us as reliable suppliers. That is why we reject any export restrictions, as they create uncertainty in accessing export markets.

Is the domestic market being left unserved, as the national government argues?
Not at all. Soybean grain producers have fulfilled their obligations. We have fully guaranteed the domestic market supply. In 2024, despite production losses—the worst year in over 30 years—production exceeded two million tons of grain, while domestic demand only requires 800,000 tons for full supply. There was never a shortage.

In this 2024-2025 summer season, as we begin harvesting, we estimate producing around 2.5 million tons of soybean grain. The domestic market is more than sufficiently supplied and, I repeat, it has always been supplied, so we do not understand the export ban.

Many citizens, especially activists, denounce that the soybean sector uses burning to clear agricultural land. What is your response?
That demonstrates misinformation and ignorance. The vast majority of producers practice no-till farming and crop rotation. For us, burning is a sin—it destroys soil fertility needed for growing crops. Slash-and-burn practices are used in subsistence farming, not by soybean producers for land clearing. All land clearing is carried out with authorization from regulatory entities, always respecting existing regulations.

Genetically modified crops have been associated with glyphosate use. Have you sought or considered better alternatives?
The use of glyphosate, associated with the only approved biotechnology event for soybeans—the RR or RG technology—has been a technological milestone for our sector. It has allowed producers to improve weed control and access high-yield genetics to boost productivity.

Recommendations are being validated to combine the use of glyphosate with other herbicides to continue improving control efficiency for weeds harmful to crops.

Biotechnology has allowed for reduced agrochemical use, fewer applications, and therefore less water and diesel consumption, while achieving higher productivity on the same cultivated area. Among other initiatives, we have programs and partnerships to promote the use of bio-inputs for controlling insects and fungi.

How much does fuel subsidization help soybean production?
Fuel subsidization is a political decision and was not made to benefit the sector. It is a decision of the State. For us, more than fuel subsidies, what producers need is a guaranteed diesel supply in a timely manner and in sufficient quantities because the most expensive diesel is the one that is unavailable.
Our sector demands about 180 million liters of diesel annually, representing only 8% of the national consumption of two billion liters. Additionally, since November 2024, we have been the main sector conditioning fuel supply so that medium and large producers purchase ULS diesel at a price of Bs 6.88 per liter.
Only small producers who source fuel from service stations in productive areas are being supplied with subsidized diesel oil.

How much could the sector be affected if the fuel subsidy is suspended?
As producers, the most important thing is ensuring a diesel supply so we can continue producing food for the country.
Eliminating the subsidy will likely lead to price adjustments in services, labor, and transportation, potentially generating inflationary effects, but that is a government decision.

We will continue betting on productivity, as we believe it is the best price regulator. To achieve this, we need all available technological and innovative tools to move forward.

In your opinion, what should be the next government’s food production policy?
Bolivia has enormous potential to become a food supplier for the region and the world.
Our proposal is to build a productive country rather than depend on extractive sectors that are depleting. Policy should focus on incentivizing food production by providing certainty to producers, ensuring access to external markets, legal security for land, access to technology, financing, and improving productive infrastructure, among other factors.

What opportunities did Exposoya open for the sector? What is the overall contribution of these events?
Exposoya contributes by creating a platform for technological dissemination, allowing producers to observe firsthand, both in the field and at the fair, the latest innovations in soybean, corn, and sorghum crop management, as well as state-of-the-art agricultural machinery and equipment.
Exposoya showcases the efforts of producers and other stakeholders in the production chain to continue supplying food to the country. It serves as a display of the agricultural sector’s potential, a sector that generates multiplier effects in the economy while being renewable and sustainable over time.

PROFILE

LIFE Born in Santa Cruz de la Sierra on July 27, 1968.

PASSION Horses are his greatest passion, although he also enjoys sports. He likes watching and playing polo, golf, soccer, and padel.

SOCCER He supports Blooming and Bolívar in the Bolivian league, closely follows River Plate, and prefers Real Madrid in European soccer.

FOOD He enjoys national cuisine, with soups being his favorite.

FAMILY He values the time spent with his family, with whom he enjoys traveling and dining well.

HOBBIES Sports, watching series, and movies.

ANAPO Before becoming president, he served as the institution’s treasurer and vice president.

Soybean producers have fully guaranteed the supply of the domestic market.

After 20 years, we have achieved progress with the approval of two new biotechnology events.

The practice of burning is part of subsistence farming and is not used by soybean producers.

Exposoya is the showcase that allows the country to see the potential of the agricultural sector.

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