Coca Gains Ground in Protected Areas | La coca gana terreno en áreas protegidas

Editorial, El Deber:

The expansion of coca cultivation in Bolivia’s protected areas has reached alarming levels, according to the latest report from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). The increase in these territories between 2022 and 2023 was 34%, raising the cultivated area to 583 hectares within the country’s forests.

At the national level, the total growth of coca crops may seem less drastic, with a 4% increase over the same period, reaching 31,000 hectares. However, what is truly revealing is the analysis of the regions where the most significant increases have occurred, regardless of the total cultivated area.

From this perspective, Amboró National Park in Santa Cruz has experienced an 83% increase, growing from 29 to 53 hectares. In northern La Paz, in Bautista Saavedra province, the increase has been 77%, significantly affecting Madidi National Park.

These variations suggest that drug trafficking routes are expanding into these areas. In northern La Paz, the municipality of Charazani is considered an entry route for cocaine coming from Peru. Apolo and Ixiamas are also part of a corridor connecting to the border of VRAEM, a critical Peruvian drug trafficking zone. A similar situation occurs around Amboró, where Ichilo province already harbors cocaine laboratories, maceration pits, and fuel trafficking networks.

Former Minister Carlos Romero described Ichilo province as the epicenter of drug trafficking in Bolivia, a position that contrasts with that of the current government. Vice Minister of Social Defense Jaime Mamani has claimed that Amboró and Choré parks, both in that province, are free of coca plantations. However, this assertion seems doubtful given the clear growth trend reflected in the UNODC report.

The reality is that drug trafficking is advancing into Bolivia’s protected areas. The increase in coca cultivation is concerning: in the Integrated Management Natural Area (IMNA) Apolobamba, it grew by 76%; in Carrasco National Park, by 38%; and in IMNA Cotapata and Madidi National Park, by 2%. Only the Isiboro-Sécure Indigenous Territory and National Park recorded a 10% reduction.

Jaume Segura, head of the European Union Delegation in Bolivia, has expressed concern over the report’s findings: “Above all, we are worried about the 34% increase in areas that should have special protection due to their ecological and cultural value… (This) highlights the significant challenges we still face together concerning climate change.”

The importance of this ecological and cultural wealth, now threatened by drug trafficking, should be a top priority not only for international organizations and European countries but also for national authorities. However, these tend to downplay the issue while emphasizing supposed achievements in crop control management. Interior Minister Eduardo Del Castillo has pointed out that Bolivia accounts for only 8% of global coca cultivation, far below Colombia (65%) and Peru (27%).

Nonetheless, the environmental damage already occurring cannot be ignored. Human presence in protected areas triggers ripple effects that go far beyond coca crops. Moreover, the increasing trend of these plantations should be reason enough to take urgent action before it is too late.

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