The Vulnerability of Lowland Indigenous Peoples | La vulnerabilidad de los indígenas de tierras bajas

Editorial, El Deber:

His name was Francisco Marupa, he was 68 years old, and he belonged to the Leco indigenous people, who live around Madidi National Park and the Apolo province—an area overrun by illegal gold mining, with almost no state presence. He was murdered, and the reasons for his death remain unclear, but the incident has already raised concerns among the European Union diplomatic corps and other foreign delegations in Bolivia.

There are countless journalistic reports and denouncements about the dangers posed by illegal mining in that and other areas of the country. Specifically, in Madidi National Park, gold exploiters have become a threat to the environment and to indigenous communities, which have been displaced and threatened by criminal organizations that operate freely in the region.

Marupa’s family reported his disappearance on February 12, and by the 14th, news emerged of his violent death. One person has been arrested in connection with the case. The detainee claimed he was ordered to execute Marupa, who was also known as an environmental defender. However, his statements have been contradictory, making it essential to conduct a serious and responsible investigation. Contrary to the rigor that such a case demands, the Minister of Government, Carlos Eduardo Del Castillo, hastily declared that the murder was due to “personal reasons” without specifying what those were. Yet, he had no hesitation in denying any link between the crime and illegal mining. It would be good if the minister could provide evidence to back up his claim.

This eagerness to downplay the vulnerability of indigenous peoples only highlights the immense power of criminal organizations and the lack of control over what happens in and around Madidi National Park. National authorities have previously been held captive in that very region. Sadly, Marupa’s murder is not the only act of violence in the area. In the face of this situation, there is no visible strong state presence to restore peace and order.

Beyond violently invading indigenous territories, illegal miners pollute rivers, destroy the protected area, and devastate its biodiversity. They exploit gold using excessive amounts of mercury, operate massive dredges, and more. Who is in charge of oversight? Can it be guaranteed that the National Protected Areas Service (SERNAP) is doing its job when its leadership has faced numerous allegations of corruption and abuse?

This is not the only place where indigenous peoples are vulnerable. We have already seen how they were harassed by coca growers in TIPNIS or how they are being violently displaced in the protected areas of Bajo Paraguá by land invaders. Who is defending indigenous communities under a government that supposedly stood for them?

The country and indigenous organizations cannot settle for the simplistic and rushed response from the Minister of Government. A thorough investigation is essential to clarify the events and punish those responsible. More importantly, there must be an end to lawless territories ruled by criminal organizations—whether they be illegal miners, land invaders in the east, or drug traffickers. At the very least, this is what should be expected from a country that wants to restore the stability and peace it has lost over the years.

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