Illegal activities continues in Protected Areas | Continuan actividades ilegales en áreas Protegidas

By Erbol:

DEMAND ENVIRONMENTAL COMMITMENT

They warn that Protected Areas are in serious danger if the uncontrolled incursion of illegal activities continues

An image of Otuquis Park. Photo: Sernap

If the incursion of illegal activities into Bolivia’s protected areas continues, these areas could suffer irreversible damage that might jeopardize the existence of their main conservation values and, if not reversed, their very objectives of creation, warned the Commission for the Defense of Bolivia’s Protected Areas (COPDEAPBO).

“What we currently have are vast areas legally established through legal instruments to safeguard the most valuable parts of our natural heritage, but they are not fulfilling the purpose for which they were created,” stated environmental law expert Rodrigo Herrera.

He noted that over 30 years have passed since the establishment of the National System of Protected Areas (SNAP), composed of national, departmental, municipal, or private protected areas important for conserving Bolivia’s biodiversity, and more than 25 years since the creation of the National Service of Protected Areas (SERNAP) as the technical authority responsible for their management and conservation.

After the first 10 years of solid progress in this process, “the direction has been lost, and currently, there is no significant change in the country regarding public environmental management. Moreover, the major reforms that occurred after the approval of the State Political Constitution (CPE) and required the updating and strengthening of fundamental laws, such as Law 1333, were not considered.”

According to the Commission for the Defense of Bolivia’s Protected Areas, the international mobilization sparked by concerns over the planet’s state, which culminated in the 1992 Rio Summit, can be considered the first push for developing environmental management in Bolivia.

The institution advocating for regions with diverse ecosystems believes that the 1990s saw the initiation of proposals and discussions for formulating a national environmental policy, which contributed to the development of the 1992 Environmental Law 1333.

Based on these foundations, various technical tools for environmental management were subsequently developed, such as the General Regulation of Protected Areas (approved by DS 24781 on 07/31/1997) or the creation of the National Service of Protected Areas (SERNAP by DS 25158 on 09/04/1998) as a decentralized technical authority responsible for managing national protected areas and coordinating the SNAP.

However, Herrera asserts that the future of protected areas does not only depend on legal norms but also requires adequate monitoring and oversight. “Like any other surface of the national territory, monitoring is fundamental and must be strengthened,” he added.

Park Rangers

The Escazú Agreement, an international treaty (ratified by Bolivia in 2018), is particularly significant. It seeks to “guarantee the full and effective implementation in Latin America and the Caribbean of rights to access environmental information, public participation in environmental decision-making processes, and access to justice in environmental matters.” It also protects environmental defenders.

Regarding this, the jurist believes that, as in other countries, the institutionalization of park rangers must be a priority. Park rangers should be considered permanent personnel, and their operations must be regulated through specific provisions.

“Their transfers, dismissals, and appointments must be carried out transparently and according to conservation needs, as required not only by Bolivian society but also by international treaties to which Bolivia is a party,” he stated.

“SERNAP staff and all environmental agencies in the country must be composed of individuals highly committed to the environment and specialized in the field,” said Herrera.

He suggested that SERNAP must be developed as a professional technical institution, supported by science and law, to conserve Bolivia’s protected areas—not as an entity aligned with a particular social sector or political ideology.

The institution has an exclusively technical role. Therefore, as in its early years, it should be staffed with suitable individuals with the necessary profile and training to ensure the conservation of the most valuable parts of our natural heritage, such as protected areas, rather than functioning as an entity subject to favoritism or improvisation, as is currently the case.

Dismissal and Reinstatement

On December 30 of last year, the Director of Bolivia’s National Service of Protected Areas (SERNAP) decided to dismiss several employees, including park rangers. Among them was Marcos Uzquiano, an environmental defender known for his commitment to protecting Bolivia’s protected areas and ecosystems.

However, the Second Constitutional Chamber of La Paz ruled in favor of Marcos Uzquiano, granting him legal protection and ordering the annulment of the memo acknowledging his services rendered to the National Service of Protected Areas and reinstating him in his position as Chief of Protection for the Beni Biological Reserve Biosphere.

COPDEAPBO denounced that the authority failed to consider in its decision that park rangers are the first line of defense for Bolivia’s protected areas against activities that harm them. For this reason, they are considered environmental defenders who need full support and recognition for the work they carry out with sacrifice and effort. (Commission for the Defense of Bolivia’s Protected Areas)

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