The MAS Economic Model Made the Economy More Dependent on the Dollar | Modelo económico del MAS volvió a la economía más dependiente del dólar

By El Diario, Eju.tv:

The exchange rate for the dollar in the parallel market exceeds 10 bolivianos due to high demand, as it has become difficult to obtain at the official rate.

The shortage of dollars at the official exchange rate drives people to the parallel market at a higher price.

Since the government of the Movement for Socialism (MAS) established a fixed exchange rate in 2011—6.86 for buying and 6.96 for selling—it made importing products cheaper and made Bolivia’s economy, as well as the 70% of businesses that rely on imported inputs, more dependent on the dollar.

The MAS economic model is based on domestic consumption and public investment. During the years of economic prosperity fueled by gas revenues, the government distributed bonuses and injected resources into the national economy through public works. However, over nearly a decade, foreign currency reserves have dwindled due to declining production and low international prices.

Analyst Gonzalo Chávez frequently highlights on social media that in 2014, revenues from gas sales exceeded $6 billion, but by 2024, they barely reached $2 billion, resulting in a $4 billion deficit.

When asked about the provision of dollars, President Luis Arce stated that they have obligations like repaying external debt and importing fuels. Edwin Rojas, president of the Central Bank of Bolivia (BCB), echoed similar sentiments.

This negative context has gradually reduced public investment and foreign currency availability at the official exchange rate in the domestic market, leading to fuel shortages, although the government has denied this.

Recently, hundreds of tanker trucks have been waiting in Palmasola, Santa Cruz, to unload gasoline due to non-payment.

Fernando Romero, president of the Tarija Departmental College of Economists, noted that despite the Bolivian economy being localized, it remains highly dependent on the U.S. dollar due to misguided BCB policies, which have led to fewer dollars in banks.

Additionally, the BCB’s decision in February 2023 to set a preferential exchange rate of 6.95 bolivianos per dollar for exporters encouraged the creation of a parallel market where the dollar now exceeds 11 bolivianos.

Romero questions the whereabouts of the $700 million allocated by the BCB to financial institutions, as neither dollar loans nor repayments in significant amounts are evident.

Analyst Joshua Bellott, in an interview with Cadena A, stated that the MAS economic model made Bolivia more dependent on the dollar by fixing the exchange rate, which reduced import costs. Consequently, all kinds of low-cost products flooded the country.

Bellott added that MAS policies caused the national industry to become highly dependent on inputs, intermediate goods, and capital goods, with dependency reaching 80%. Bolivia’s weak business structure relies exclusively on the dollar for importing over 70% of its inputs. He also criticized the government for misleading the population about food security, as national production fails to meet demand and also depends on the dollar.

“We depend on the dollar to import gasoline,” Bellott noted, adding that the government manipulates figures, as it did with international reserves.

Deficit

Chávez lamented on social media the government’s wasteful spending on public enterprises, most of which run deficits, while announcing more industries that do not benefit the economy.

In addition to running deficits, public enterprises are also significant debtors to the BCB, particularly the lithium project, which has yet to take off.

Meanwhile, President Luis Arce reaffirmed the validity of the economic model in public statements. Economists argue that this model has plunged Bolivia into its current crisis, characterized by high inflation, a shortage of foreign currency, and fuel scarcity.

“Reaffirm the model? This man should be in jail. His ‘model’ has left the country bankrupt and mortgaged. We have been left without gas, dollars, fuel, or hope. The only thing that can be reaffirmed is that this man is a political corpse,” wrote economist Antonio Saravia on his account @tufisaravia.

Growth

Before 2020, Ernesto Bernal, a professor and economist at the Technical University of Oruro (UTO), pointed out that Bolivia’s economy was already slowing down, despite the government’s denial.

Growth, which stood at 6.11% in 2013, dropped to just 2.2% in 2019. A similar trend reappeared in 2021, when growth reached 6.1% following the pandemic year of 2020, only to average 3% in subsequent years. In 2024, the figure is expected to be less than 2%, with international projections estimating 1.7%.

In the 2025 General State Budget (PGE), growth is projected to decline to 3.51%, inflation is expected to rise to 7.5%, the fiscal deficit will remain at -9.2%, and public investment will drop to $4.024 billion. Meanwhile, subsidies and funds for fuel purchases will increase.

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