The merits of Evo and Arce | Los méritos de Evo y Arce

By Carlos Toranzo Roca, Brújula Digital:

They rose to power together, with Evo only adopting indigenous and socialist ideas at the last minute. Early in his campaign, those were not his main themes, as he came from a unionist logic more closely tied to revolutionary nationalism, which is his true heritage, as is the Popular Participation framework. His unionist soul was anti-imperialist, anti-oligarchy, against private enterprise, enamored with state-run businesses, addicted to nationalizations, and deeply rooted in corporatism in politics. All of this stems from the revolutionary MNR of 1952.

Arce, a mid-level functionary at the Central Bank, served as Evo Morales’ Minister of Economy for 14 years. Together, they enjoyed and squandered a boom of approximately $80 billion.

Evo and Arce spoke of a new economic, social, and community model, but in reality, neither believed in community development, and it was never pursued. Furthermore, the so-called community world—tiny as it is and particularly rural—is deeply attached to private property, has a mercantile logic akin to that of the Phoenicians, and aligns with neoliberalism.

Arce served as minister for so long primarily because of his total subservience to Morales, even playing matchmaker in Evo’s affairs with young women, often photographed with both of them. Together, they failed to invest in hydrocarbon exploration, which is why Bolivia is now a net importer of gasoline and diesel. In short, they killed the goose that laid the golden eggs.

They corrupted peasants and social movements through prebendalism, financed the massive embezzlement of the Indigenous Development Fund, gifted cars and buildings, and provided loans that were never repaid because they were meant to fund clientelist mobilizations in favor of the government. Together, they financed dozens of state-run companies, deficit-ridden white elephants that continue to inflate the fiscal deficit, now reaching 11% of GDP.

They paid national TV channels to broadcast Morales’ soccer games, funded the Orinoca Museum to showcase Morales’ soccer jerseys, expanded the legal area for coca cultivation to provide more raw materials for drug trafficking, and turned the Chapare region into a territory without state presence, allowing international drug cartels to strengthen their foothold.

Both caused the deaths of José María Bakovic and Marco Antonio Aramayo. Morales gave the order for extrajudicial killings at the Hotel Las Américas, with Arce remaining silent; the same happened with the El Porvenir massacre and the attack on indigenous people in Chaparina. Their supposed defense of indigenous people amounted to empty words, while their love for Mother Earth turned into ruthless extractivism.

Arce allowed Morales to fully express his misogyny, helping Morales’ female ministers chant sexist songs celebrating the leader’s sexual abuses. Morales used his power to receive young peasant girls and abuse them, offering favors to their parents. Arce remained silent out of subservience, turning a blind eye to statutory rape and acting the same way in the Zapata case, involving influence peddling and her appointment as manager at Camce. Meanwhile, Minister Arce built himself a personal office building with Persian carpets to flaunt extravagance during times of plenty. They came to power preaching austerity, but in reality, squandered millions on luxurious expenses.

Together, they burned through $15 billion in international reserves, exponentially increased external and internal debt to a staggering $37 billion, allowed the Central Bank to finance state expenditures in violation of its regulations, and consumed the petroleum rent. They spoke of the Bolivian miracle, when the only miracle was how they brought the economy to the brink of collapse and plunged it into an extreme crisis.

They ruled the country by deepening divisions between Cambas and Collas, “k’aras and t’aras,” leftists and rightists, insulting their opponents by calling them neoliberals—the very ones who had gifted them the miracle of 57 TCF in gas reserves, which they squandered during nearly 20 years in power.

What merits did Arce have to be the MAS candidate after the cowardly Morales fled to Mexico? His greatest asset was his total subservience, which is how he became the presidential candidate handpicked by Morales. Morales trusted the loyalty of an obsequious minister, but Arce, like anyone who gains power, became intoxicated with it and began to distance himself from Morales, proving that loyalty is non-existent among those with little moral consistency.

Bolivian society must oust MAS from power through the ballot box to create a future free of autocracy. Hopefully, the diverse opposition factions understand that this is the democratic challenge the country faces.

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