BOLIVIA: At risk of devaluation and default | En riesgo de devaluación e incumplimiento de pagos

By Juan Carlos Torrejón/EFE, Brujula Digital:

According to Bloomberg analysis, Bolivia is at risk of devaluation and default

The Bolivian economy is on the brink of an unprecedented crisis, with imminent risks of devaluation and default on its external debt, according to a recent analysis by Juan Pablo Spinetto published on the prestigious economic news portal Bloomberg.

The article states that “the socialist economic model” that once showed signs of success in Bolivia has collapsed, and that “the worst is yet to come.”

The latest sign of this crisis was evident when the aviation industry urgently requested government intervention to meet the dollar payment demands from its suppliers.

Without this help, the country could face the suspension of flights, further isolating itself in an already economically complicated region.

This incident is just one example of the classic balance of payments crisis facing Bolivia, triggered by the shortage of international reserves needed to maintain the fixed exchange rate of 6.9 bolivianos per dollar, established since 2011.

Bolivia’s international reserves, which reached a high of 15,000 million dollars in 2014, have dramatically decreased to less than a tenth of that figure.

In an attempt to conserve every available dollar and gram of gold, President Luis Arce’s government has implemented measures that have depressed economic activity, caused fuel shortages, and fueled social discontent, according to the publication.

As a result, the annual inflation rate surged to nearly 8% in October, the highest level since the establishment of the fixed exchange rate.

The lack of foreign currency has led to parallel exchange rates, speculation on the currency, and suppliers demanding payments in foreign currency, which amounts to an informal dollarization of the economy.

These factors reflect the unsustainability of the current economic model, which can no longer support the structural imbalances accumulated over the years.

Late measures

In an attempt to mitigate the crisis, President Arce has taken steps to reverse the decline in hydrocarbon production, offering incentives to foreign oil and gas companies and liberalizing the fuel market last week to try to alleviate the gasoline shortage. However, experts warn that these actions come too late and are insufficient to resolve the structural imbalances that have led Bolivia to its current situation.

Spinetto notes that these imbalances are the result of poorly managed policies during the golden era of Evo Morales’ socialist government between 2006 and 2019, a period during which Arce served as his economy minister. A more sensible approach would have moderated public spending, invested in ensuring the country’s natural gas boom continued to finance national finances for decades, and slowly devalued the currency.

Adjustment and devaluation

According to Bloomberg’s analysis, “the gradual strategy” is no longer viable. What Bolivia urgently needs is a major fiscal adjustment, a devaluation of its currency, and the refinancing of its external debt with the support of the IMF.

Implementing these measures could mean political suicide for the government, but the longer Arce waits, the higher the cost will be for the Bolivians.

His confrontation with Evo Morales over leadership of the MAS party has intensified political tensions, bringing the country to the brink of collapse. Despite being legally barred, Morales is determined to run again and has mobilized his followers, who took military bases last month.

Despite the gravity of the situation, bond investors have remained strangely silent, with Bolivian bonds gaining value recently thanks to the government’s more pro-market measures.

However, according to Débora Reyna García of Oxford Economics, devaluation is only a matter of time and could occur by the end of 2025 or early 2026. “We don’t see it happening before the elections because the political and social costs are too high,” Reyna García commented. “Something that keeps investors calm is that Bolivia does not have much debt, and its major maturities are scheduled for the second half of 2026.”

The inevitable devaluation represents a painful end to the unusual combination of populism and economic strength that characterized Bolivia during the last super cycle of commodities. The poorest country in Latin America grew an average of 5% annually for more than a decade, eliminating inflation, significantly reducing poverty, and increasing income.

However, the days of prosperity under Morales are behind, and Bolivia now faces a deeply challenging economic and political reality.

BD/RPU

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