Gov’t broke, prices soar | Gobierno sin dinero, precios suben

By El Diario, Melvy Ruiz, Eju.tv:

The government, out of money, can no longer suppress the rise in product prices

Product prices have increased by 7.26% up to October, and the population feels a 50% loss in the purchasing power of the national currency.

Product prices now follow supply and demand; the government no longer intervenes.

Bolivia never had low inflation but rather suppressed it through a fixed exchange rate and subsidies for essential goods, especially fuels. However, after losing much of its international reserves and gas exports, the country ran out of resources. Now, cheap products have reached their end, and the official dollar rate has been surpassed by the parallel rate, leading to a diesel and gasoline crisis along with rising food prices, according to economists’ analysis.

Economic analyst Gonzalo Chávez stated that Bolivia never had low inflation but rather suppressed it with a low exchange rate and fuel subsidies.

The “boom” of high prices and significant gas production until 2014 allowed the government to achieve $15 billion in Net International Reserves (RIN), maintaining an exchange rate of 6.96 bolivianos per dollar. This robust hydrocarbon production reduced fuel imports and the subsidy costs.

However, the boom ended in late 2014, and by the following year, revenues and production began to decline, although public spending did not, reducing RIN to just over $1.9 billion in the current administration.

Economic analyst and former Hydrocarbons Ministry official Álvaro Ríos pointed out that Bolivia faces a lack of foreign currency, causing a fuel shortage in the domestic market for the past 18 months.

Inflation data from the National Institute of Statistics (INE) showed 1.64% inflation in October, with a cumulative 7.25% from January to October, surpassing the government’s 3.6% projection.

During a press conference earlier this month, Development Planning Minister Sergio Cusicanqui attributed 1.45% of inflation to 24 days of blockades.

“They’re leeches. Before the blockade, there was already a fuel shortage, increasing costs for several companies, with the parallel dollar at Bs 10.5. Import costs rose by 50%. Half of Bolivia burned, and this ‘angel’ of the Ministry tells us inflation is just due to the blockade,” wrote @GonzaloCHavezA on November 7, referencing the Ministry’s explanation. Food inflation alone was noted at around 8%.

Fernando Romero, president of the Tarija Departmental College of Economists, remarked that Bolivia’s economy exists in a fictional, “Matrix-like” state where inflation is artificial and does not reflect actual prices.

Romero estimated inflation between 10% and 12%, partly due to blockades but also because of dollar and fuel shortages. Added to this is the free import and commercialization policy, which will raise gasoline and diesel prices.

The former Central Bank of Bolivia (BCB) director estimated fuel prices could reach Bs 12 per liter, with others predicting Bs 14.

Gary Rodríguez, general manager of the Bolivian Institute of Foreign Trade (IBCE), said the decree allowing free fuel imports and commercialization must operate with zero bureaucracy and zero taxes.

Ríos added that the National Hydrocarbons Agency (ANH) should not set prices but only establish reference values.

Eastern agricultural producers welcomed the fuel policy and support letting the market determine fuel prices.

Romero stated that Bolivia’s low inflation was artificially achieved through fixed exchange rates in neighboring countries, smuggling, and fuel subsidies. Additionally, there was a significant flow of foreign currency from natural gas sales.

That context has ended, with no resources left, leading to a 12-year fiscal deficit. Now, contraband goods are expensive, though currency devaluations in neighboring countries somewhat mitigate Bolivia’s economic crisis.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimated a fiscal deficit of 10% for this year and similar figures for 2025, with 2023 closing at almost 11%.

Bolivia’s economy has become increasingly costly due to currency devaluation against the dollar and rising prices of basic goods. Romero added that a repressed economy does not function normally, encouraging informality, reducing employment, and increasing poverty as people struggle to meet their needs.

Fiscal Crisis

Bolivia faces a structural fiscal crisis affecting trade, currency, and fuel supply, requiring structural solutions instead of temporary measures like the decree for duty-free fuel imports.

Chávez argued that unless public spending is reduced, no measure will have an impact. He criticized ongoing government overspending as if the country were still in an economic boom and suggested reviewing the operations of state-owned companies contributing to the fiscal deficit.

Espinoza previously told this outlet that aligning the exchange rate with the parallel market or relaxing it is unfeasible since the BCB lacks dollars to sustain any potential rate.

Although the official exchange rate remains at 6.96 bolivianos, the parallel market rate exceeds Bs 10 per dollar, increasing import costs for products and industrial inputs.

Growth

The World Bank forecasts 1.4% economic growth for Bolivia, while the IMF projects 1.6%, far below the government’s 3.71% projection.

Bolivia has re-entered an economic slowdown, similar to 2014-2019, with an average decline from 5% to 2.2%, and a repeat of this pattern from 2021-2023.

Romero expects 2024 growth between 1.5% and 2.5%, possibly lower due to the 24-day blockades.

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