Ecological Crisis and Inequalities: The Most Vulnerable Communities Suffer the Greatest Impact in Bolivia | Crisis ecológica y desigualdades: las comunidades más vulnerables sufren el mayor impacto en Bolivia

By El Deber:

Fire and Mercury. Ecological Crisis and Inequalities in Bolivia

The study highlights how Indigenous and rural communities are the most affected by deforestation, water pollution, and climate change.

A recent investigation by OXFAM Bolivia, titled A Fuego y Mercurio. Crisis Ecológica y Desigualdades en Bolivia, reveals the deep connection between environmental degradation and the increase in social inequalities in the country. The study emphasizes how Indigenous and rural communities are the hardest hit by deforestation, water contamination, and climate change. Meanwhile, economic elites, concentrated in sectors such as agribusiness and mining, disproportionately benefit, significantly contributing to greenhouse gas emissions.

Eighty-seven percent of the emissions come from deforestation, and the wealthiest 1% of the country is responsible for more than half of the emission increases. These dynamics expose an extractivist system that perpetuates inequality, particularly affecting the most vulnerable populations.

“This study invites reflection on how the development model based on an extractivist economy has been and continues to be a vector of inequalities and vulnerabilities. We aim to answer the question: How and to what extent do the forms of production and exploitation, supported by both legal and illegal frameworks, generate ecological crises and widen inequality gaps?” explains Oxfam’s Country Director in Bolivia, Lourdes Montero Justiniano.

OXFAM calls for rethinking the development model, advocating for inclusive policies that promote environmental and social justice. Social and environmental organizations are demanding greater environmental justice, including urgent measures to curb deforestation, strengthen the climate resilience of vulnerable communities, and reconfigure development policies in the country to ensure that the benefits of natural resource exploitation are equitably distributed.

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