Evo, Lucho, it’s the economy, stupid! | Evo, Lucho, es la economía, !estúpidos!

By José Gabriel Espinoza, Brujula Digital:

 |OPINIÓN|Evo, Lucho, es la economía, !estúpidos!|José Gabriel Espinoza|

As expected, Luis Arce has linked the cycle of mobilizations that began this week to the political aspirations of Evo Morales. According to President Arce, the blockades and marches have a single objective: securing Morales’ candidacy for the 2025 presidential elections.

First fact: Arce is willing to strengthen Morales’ image in order to deny the popular discontent regarding the economic situation.

For his part, Morales has initiated a march toward La Paz under the pretext of the economic crisis. Morales argues that Arce has mismanaged the situation, which is increasingly affecting household economies, as reflected by the sustained rise in the prices of basic goods. However, Morales has also included issues related to his potential 2025 candidacy in his demands.

Second fact: Morales is attempting to capitalize on the economic discontent to push forward his new candidacy.

The common denominator in both positions is the popular dissatisfaction with the economy. While Arce tries to hide it, Morales uses it as a political tool; however, both confirm its existence with their stances. This is no small matter.

Before the mobilizations, concerns about the dollar shortage mainly came from the more formal sectors of the economy. Representatives from the financial system, international transportation, and especially importer unions, were experiencing rising costs as the foreign exchange generated by the export sector was no longer sufficient to cover their operations. Arce’s government responded with agreements and measures to calm the discontent of importers or, in most cases, simply buy time without making key decisions to address the crisis.

It’s true that, in the last 20 months, sectors of the popular economy also protested. Like large importing companies, the popular economy, which is heavily integrated into the international market, requires foreign currency to operate. However, the protests were sporadic since this sector has been able to partially mitigate the effects of the crisis through its own adaptation mechanisms.

So, what has changed? Well, in August, we observed a significant shift in inflation trends. Even in the official indicators, which have been harshly criticized, the price increase was 1.58% monthly, four times more than the average of the first seven months of the year. If this trend continues, we could end 2024 with double-digit inflation, something we haven’t seen in many years.

But it’s not just inflation; there’s also the drop in household income. As predicted at the beginning of the year (see the Milenio Foundation Report, for example), the post-pandemic labor market has become even more precarious. With the decline in main incomes, households have increasingly relied on informal activities, leading to higher employment but with lower earnings.

If we add to this sustained price increase the growing scarcity of fuels and foreign currency, it’s evident that the popular economy has deteriorated as much or more than the formal sectors.

Third fact: It is now the popular economy that is protesting.

In short, reducing the mobilizations to a simple party dispute would be a mistake. At its core, the motivation of many of the mobilizing sectors is real and cannot be ignored. The economy at the grassroots level has deteriorated to levels not seen in decades, and without effective government action, social unrest is likely to increase, surpassing even the internal disputes within MAS.

José Gabriel Espinoza is an economist, and a former director of the Central Bank of Bolivia.

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