Santa Cruz: From Regional Leadership to National Leadership | Del liderazgo regional al liderazgo nacional

By Germán Huanca, Urgente.bo:

The controversy generated by the rejection of the appointment of Zvonko Matkovic as Chairman of the Board of ENDE—reprehensible from every point of view—goes far beyond a simple disagreement over a nomination. The reactions of Cochabamba Mayor Manfred Reyes Villa, Governor Leonardo Loza, and various political actors reveal a deeper phenomenon: Bolivia is undergoing a shift in the center of its political, economic, and demographic leadership.

For decades, the regional debate was shaped by Santa Cruz’s demands that the growth of its population and economy be reflected in the distribution of national power. However, that recognition was repeatedly postponed. The 2012 and 2024 censuses were surrounded by controversy precisely because, for broad sectors of society, they delayed acknowledgment of an evident reality: Santa Cruz had long ceased to be an emerging region and had become one of the country’s principal engines of growth.

The change is not limited to population size. Today, Santa Cruz accounts for a significant share of national production, receives the largest volume of private investment in the country, hosts Bolivia’s most important industrial park, organizes the nation’s most successful business fair, and continues to attract both domestic and international ventures. Intermediate cities such as Warnes are already beginning to draw industrial investments, such as the recent agreement to establish bus and truck assembly plants with Chinese capital. These are signs of an economy that continues to expand while other regions face greater difficulties in attracting new investment.

The transformation also extends to the academic and cultural spheres. Universities in Santa Cruz have increased their research capacity, expanded their infrastructure, and strengthened their international presence. The Santa Cruz International Book Fair has become one of the country’s most important cultural events, reflecting an intellectual dynamism that accompanies its economic growth.

Perhaps the most significant change is demographic. Santa Cruz has become the department that best represents Bolivia’s diversity. Thousands of Bolivians from every corner of the country have found opportunities there for employment, education, and entrepreneurship. This diversity also presents enormous challenges in education, healthcare, transportation, and urban planning, but at the same time it constitutes a strength that few regions possess.

It is precisely within this context that the controversy surrounding Matkovic’s appointment should be understood. More than a debate about one individual, it reflects the discomfort generated by the gradual shift in the country’s political center of gravity. Paradoxically, those who for years criticized regionalism are now resorting to it in order to defend traditional spheres of influence. Both Manfred Reyes Villa and Leonardo Loza respond, to a large extent, to regional electorates and strengthen their leadership within those territorial frameworks.

The key question is: How will Santa Cruz respond? If its leaders choose to replicate the same regionalist discourse, they will have squandered the historic opportunity before them. Economic growth does not guarantee political leadership. Such leadership is consolidated only when there is the capacity to build a vision that transcends one’s own territory.

For that reason, the message expressed by Mayor Mamen Saavedra is particularly noteworthy when he stated that “the law of the people of Santa Cruz is hospitality, productivity, and work.” Beyond the political context, that idea contains a powerful principle: Santa Cruz can build national leadership not through confrontation, but through integration. Rather than closing its doors, it can continue presenting itself as the region that welcomes those seeking opportunities to prosper, regardless of their place of origin.

The concerns currently voiced by departments such as Beni regarding the appointment of public officials from other regions respond to different realities. Santa Cruz, by contrast, has reached a different stage of development. Its responsibility is no longer limited to defending regional interests; it must also offer the country a national proposal for growth based on production, industrialization, investment, innovation, and inclusion.

Every leadership transition generates resistance. It has occurred in the economy, in demographics, and now it is beginning to be seen in politics. The ENDE episode will likely be remembered less for the name of its central figure than for symbolizing the moment when the country began openly debating who will exercise national leadership over the coming decades.

If Santa Cruz aspires to lead that process, it must understand that leadership is not imposed; it is built by bringing people together. It is not enough to be the country’s principal economic engine. It must also become the place where all Bolivians feel represented. When that happens, the transition from regional leadership to national leadership will cease to be an aspiration and become a natural consequence of history. The country awaits it, and the new generations throughout Bolivia already understand this perfectly.

(*) Economist; former Vice Minister of Strategic State Planning.

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