Foreign Exchange Market Operates with Multiple Dollar Exchange Rates | Mercado cambiario opera con varias cotizaciones del dólar

By El Diario:

  • The Central Bank of Bolivia (BCB) still does not have the conditions needed to intervene and curb the rise of the U.S. dollar.
Counting dollars: the currency trades at different rates in the market.

Despite the new flexible exchange rate regime and the new official exchange rate implemented just over a week ago, the dollar continues to trade at different rates in the market. The parallel market remains active, with the selling price exceeding 11 bolivianos per dollar, while the rate published by the Central Bank of Bolivia (BCB) stands at 10.24 bolivianos.

Meanwhile, USDT was trading at 10.62 bolivianos per dollar on the parallel market, and informal currency traders were offering U.S. dollars at 11.20 bolivianos. According to economic analysts, this situation is driven by a shortage of dollars and strong demand.

During a survey in downtown La Paz, EL DIARIO found that some exchange houses had no dollars available, while street traders were selling the currency at prices above the official rate, exceeding 11 bolivianos.

Minister of Economy and Public Finance Gabriel Espinoza said concerns are focused only on daily fluctuations. Looking back 12 months, he noted that the dollar had traded between 14 and 20 bolivianos.

In that context, he argued that current values are under control. “How can the price be regulated? With dollars supplied to the market. Where will those dollars come from? From various sources, such as exports,” he explained.

He noted that the mining sector resumed normal operations after 50 days of road blockades. During that period, export payments were delayed because of the conflicts, reducing the inflow of foreign currency.

Despite the continued gradual increase in the dollar’s value in the domestic market, the minister expressed confidence that prices would stabilize within two to three weeks.

He also announced that Bolivia will sign several agreements to strengthen the Central Bank’s international reserves. Any funds entering the country would be deposited with the BCB, giving it greater capacity to buy or sell foreign currency.

Espinoza emphasized that there is no explicit exchange-rate control and that the dollar will gradually float. Social conflicts and strikes, he said, reduce the inflow of dollars into the country.

Demand and Scarcity

Economic analyst Gustavo Machicado said the modest increase in the dollar’s value reflects a combination of strong demand, limited supply, and public expectations that the exchange rate will continue rising, leading people to hold onto their dollars.

According to Machicado, the minister expects individuals, companies, and banks holding dollars to release them into the market to help stabilize conditions. “That will be difficult,” he said.

“The dollar will continue to rise, and people will wait before selling their holdings. Demand keeps growing. The Central Bank should do what central banks in other countries do and intervene in the market. The question is whether the BCB is able to do so,” he reflected.

IMF Funding

Machicado also highlighted the government’s announcement regarding the International Monetary Fund (IMF), noting that incoming funds could play an important role in stabilizing the foreign exchange market.

International financing totaling around $5 billion would provide significant support to Bolivia’s economy, he said.

He argued that those resources should first be used to intervene in the currency market to prevent the exchange rate from rising continuously under the new flexible regime, similar to interventions previously conducted through the “Bolsín” mechanism.

Another unresolved issue is the return of dollars owed by the BCB to the financial system. In addition, banks still maintain restrictions, as customers generally cannot withdraw dollar deposits freely or open new accounts in U.S. currency.

Espinoza confirmed that beginning July 15, repayments of dollar deposits ranging from $1,001 to $3,000 will begin, following the established schedule.

Historical Background

According to a BCB statement, exchange rates above 10 bolivianos per dollar were common between December 1, 2025, and June 26, 2026, during the period when the U.S. currency was quoted under the “Reference Value” system. That system was replaced by the Official Exchange Rate (TCO) on June 29.

The Reference Value was set on 148 occasions. Of those, 29 times—19.5% of the total—the dollar traded above 10 bolivianos. On only one occasion, June 10, 2026, it was quoted at exactly 10 bolivianos.

“The highest value reached during that period was 10.39 bolivianos on May 12, 2026. The first time the dollar entered double digits was on May 4, 2026, when the Reference Value was set at 10.01 bolivianos,” the Central Bank stated.

From that date until June 2, it consistently remained above 10 bolivianos. On June 3, it dropped to 9.92. From June 8 to 15, it was once again above 10, except on June 10, when it stood at exactly 10. On June 16, the dollar fell to 9.94. On June 17 and 18, it rose above 10, while between June 19 and 26 (the last day of the Reference Value), it fell to levels below 10.

Leave a comment