Chapare: An Illegal Enclave | Enclave ilegal

By Juan Jose Toro, Brujula Digital:

Names are not what matter, but the facts. Caravans from two candidacies for the governorship of Cochabamba were attacked when they tried to enter Chimoré by people loyal to Evo Morales. This event, which is not new in the context of what occurs in the area, simply confirms that Chapare is an illegal enclave where, precisely for that reason, Bolivian law is not applied.

Let us begin by recalling what an enclave is: a “territory enclosed within another that has different political, administrative, geographical characteristics, etc.”

Chapare is a territory within another—the Bolivian State—and specifically within the department of Cochabamba, which lies at its center. It has different political characteristics because the authority there is not the governor of Cochabamba, nor the mayors of Sacaba, Colomi, or Villa Tunari, but rather former president Evo Morales.

In fact, Chapare encompasses only the province of that name, but its area of influence is larger. Chimoré, for example, is located in Carrasco province. This irregular distribution, which more properly corresponds to the Cochabamba tropics, confirms the idea of a different geographical distribution.

The laws of the Bolivian State are not applied in the area of the Cochabamba tropics controlled by Morales and his irregular organization known as “the six federations of coca producers” of the Cochabamba tropics. That is why, in order to enter the area, it is necessary to have the consent of the leaders of these groups, depending on the route through which one attempts to enter.

This restriction is not new and has been applied consistently in all recent electoral processes. The first beneficiary was the Movement Toward Socialism (MAS), and now that that political organization has fractured, the enclave continues to be managed by “evismo”; that is, the organization controlled by Morales for purposes that we all know, but few dare to say aloud.

The disintegration of MAS has demonstrated that the struggle of those who took refuge in that organization was not precisely political, nor even ideological, but rather maneuvers aimed at preserving—and multiplying—the economic power centered in Chapare and the Cochabamba tropics through coca production.

The “evistas,” who used the personalistic label “Evo Pueblo” during the most recent national elections, have now dispersed into several organizations, and everything suggests they will win in several electoral districts of Cochabamba—not precisely by popular will, but through the pressure methods they have applied so effectively in recent electoral processes.

On that front, the victory of former senator Leonardo Loza is highly probable, and if that happens, the power of the coca growers will no longer be limited only to the tropics but will extend to much of the heroic and fertile department of Cochabamba.

And regarding the detention of Evo Morales, it is better not even to speak about it. Perhaps that will be possible when the Plurinational Legislative Assembly declares February 30 as the “Day of Saint Bland.”

Juan José Toro is a National Prize winner in the History of Journalism.

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