Potosí: The Silent Exporter | El exportador silencioso

By Gonzalo Colque, Vision 360:

With Feet on the Ground

The challenge lies in whether the national government will be capable of understanding this reality and designing a coherent strategy commensurate with this new export balance.

There is a revealing fact reshaping the economic landscape: over the past two years, Potosí has become the country’s leading exporting department. Without fanfare, it is changing Bolivia’s export map.

The figures are conclusive. In 2024, Potosí displaced Santa Cruz into second place after registering exports worth $2.878 billion, compared to $2.526 billion from the department of Santa Cruz. In 2025, it consolidated that leadership with a record $3.571 billion, while Santa Cruz fell to $2.322 billion. La Paz, for its part, showed a slight recovery and remains in third place with $1.703 billion.

Potosí’s growing prominence breaks with the dominant narrative that places Santa Cruz as the epicenter of foreign trade and the engine of the Bolivian economy. Recent data tell a different story. While the eastern region shows signs of slowdown, Potosí accumulated growth exceeding 50% between 2024 and 2025. This dynamism is closely linked to a favorable international context for mining — zinc, silver, lead, and gold — supported by stronger prices and sustained demand for strategic minerals.

In this way, Potosí has begun to play an unexpected buffering role against the economic crisis resulting from the exhaustion of the natural gas cycle. Without Potosí’s rebound, the contraction of exports would have been far more severe. The foreign currency injected by this sector eased the dollar shortage and moderated exchange-rate pressures, especially during the past six months.

The determining factor has been the surge in silver prices, which nearly doubled on the international market in just six months. This is compounded by the stability of high zinc prices over the past three years. Although production volumes did not vary significantly, the price effect enabled Potosí to increase the value of its exports by approximately $1.194 billion.

By contrast, Santa Cruz recorded a decline of $204 million, mainly explained by lower natural gas production at the departmental level. Soybean exports remained relatively stable in both volume and value, while meat exports continue expanding, although their share still does not exceed the 10% threshold of the departmental total.

Are we witnessing a change in model or merely a cyclical rebound driven by extraordinary silver and gold prices? That is the underlying question. For now, the favorable mining cycle has not translated into a substantial expansion of productive capacity or diversification processes with greater added value. Nor is it related in any way to lithium projects; rather, it fits within the upward cycle of traditional metals, with gold and silver as the main protagonists. Vulnerability persists. Sector performance depends on external factors beyond the control of the national economy.

Potosí’s role as an unexpected stabilizer and support for the trade balance forces a reconsideration of priorities. Are public policies aligned with this new export map? Does the government have a consistent strategy for mining industrialization, modernization, and development? Or do incentives continue to be concentrated on agricultural exports?

Mining is not exempt from risks nor from price volatility, but the evidence suggests that Potosí and national mining require greater state attention. Export promotion policies have been disproportionately oriented toward agriculture in Santa Cruz, while the mining sector — especially in Potosí — has operated with less strategic support.

In summary, the discussion should no longer revolve around whether Potosí is a protagonist or not. The challenge lies in whether the national government will be capable of understanding this reality and designing a coherent strategy equal to this new export balance, and whether it has the capacity to transform a cyclical boom into an opportunity that leads the country toward an exit from the economic crisis.

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