Bolivia on the Edge: Devalue or Collapse | Bolivia al filo: devaluar o colapsar

By Carlos Jahnsen, El Diario:

Bolivia faces the challenge of stabilizing its currency: undervaluation as the only path to stability

Bolivia is living through its most decisive economic moment in four decades. The fixed exchange rate — once a symbol of stability — is now a trap that drains reserves and destroys competitiveness. It reflects a developmental mirage. It is the “masista buen vivir,” but the question is: who is actually living well now? The economy is staring into the abyss: without an orderly adjustment — a moderate, controlled undervaluation — the country will not avoid collapse. Stabilization is no longer a technical option, but a matter of statecraft.

An economy at the limit

The fixed exchange rate of Bs 6.96 per dollar, long used as a stable anchor, has become a fiction. The parallel market exceeds Bs 13, revealing a gap of more than 100%. This is not an accounting imbalance: it is proof of the exhaustion of a model that squandered much but produced nothing, fed by debt, subsidies, and temporarily high commodity prices. Bolivia reaches 2025 with depleted reserves, structural deficit, an obese and inefficient state, and weakened institutions, while over 30% of the population lives in poverty and its youth see no prospects. The new government inherits a shattered economy: adjustment will be painful, but not doing so would be suicidal. The solution requires economic realism, fiscal discipline and political leadership. This is not about ideology, but national survival. Twenty years of poisoned ideology were enough to foster hate and mythology, but not sustainable development. An orderly, internationally backed devaluation is the only way to regain control and avoid total collapse.

Why an undervalued currency is necessary

A controlled, moderate undervaluation of the boliviano, with an exchange rate of Bs 10.20 per dollar (±3%), would imply a nominal devaluation of 46.6%, but a real undervaluation between 33% and 40%. This adjustment will not unleash hyperinflation: it does not create a new imbalance — it corrects the existing one — and it would be implemented with external financial backing and fiscal discipline. A moderately undervalued currency will restore external competitiveness, attract foreign currency, and revitalize the export sector. It does not impoverish — it restores the country’s productive capacity. The 9.90–10.50 range represents the technical, economic, and political equilibrium point. Keeping the current 6.96 only perpetuates the fiction of a “strong boliviano” that no one believes in.

The cost and purpose of the adjustment

Stabilizing the new exchange rate will require $7.5 to $10 billion in the first 18 months — 16–22% of GDP — for three urgent tasks: rebuilding reserves and providing liquidity to the financial system, guaranteeing essential imports (fuel, medicine, food), and maintaining the Bs 9.90–10.50 exchange band to contain speculation. The funds would come from an international financial coalition (IMF, IDB, CAF, China, European Union) through loans, swaps, and green financing. That package would allow 12–18 months of stability — a crucial window to control inflation, rebuild confidence and reactivate production.

Conditions for success

The success of the adjustment requires four strategic pillars: fiscal discipline, foreign direct investment, export promotion and social protection.

– Fiscal discipline: reassign spending, eliminate unproductive subsidies, reduce the public-sector wage bill and prioritize productive investment. A primary surplus of 1–2% of GDP will restore credibility.
– Foreign investment: without external capital, there is no stability. Hydrocarbon and mining laws must be reformed, special economic zones created, and legal certainty incentivized. Goal: $2 billion per year, equivalent to 4% of GDP.
– Export promotion: a National Export Plan must diversify production, streamline procedures and open markets with Brazil, Peru, the EU, the U.S. and Asia. Target: exports again above 30% of GDP in two years.
– Social protection: a targeted social package (energy subsidies, Energy Card, temporary employment) — costing 1% of GDP — will cushion the impact of adjustment. Communication is key: devaluation is not punishment, but a structural correction to recover growth and employment.

Inflation, risks and leadership

A controlled devaluation will not trigger high inflation if managed with adequate external liquidity, monetary control and sufficient domestic supply. With international inflation at 6% and domestic inflation below 10%, real undervaluation would remain near 40%; if inflation in Bolivia drops to 4%, the competitive edge would reach 50%, consolidating a sustainable export cycle. The risks — inflationary, banking, fiscal and political — can be mitigated with leadership and national coordination: prudent monetary policy, sufficient foreign-currency liquidity, verifiable fiscal targets and a state pact between government, regions and the private sector.

Conclusion: stabilize or collapse

Bolivia can no longer sustain a fictitious parity nor the illusion of development built on waste and suffocation of entrepreneurs and the productive sector. Twenty years of ideological distortion left a country without direction, without reserves, without productivity, without prospects and with millions in poverty. It is the cynical gift of masismo to Bolivian society. A moderate undervaluation of the boliviano (~40%) is the only way to rebuild competitiveness, stabilize the currency market and restore state credibility. The cost of stabilizing — $7.5 to $10 billion — will be high, but the cost of not doing so would be devastating, suicidal: out-of-control inflation, financial collapse, productive collapse, and loss of national and international confidence. Devaluing in an orderly manner is saving the economy — giving the country development prospects; resisting is shooting oneself in the knees. A competitive currency will enable export growth, attract capital, knowledge and technology, generate formal employment and finance a responsible state oriented toward the citizen. The key: do it quickly, do it well, and do it with international backing. Bolivia has no room left for deception or indecision: failure is not an option. Stabilizing is a historic duty — an act of economic sovereignty and social dignity.

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