Dollars, TikTok, and “digital gurus”: the other side of Bolivia’s dollar crisis | Dólares, TikTok y “gurús” digitales: la otra cara de la crisis del dólar en Bolivia

By Raúl Domínguez, El Deber; Eju.tv:

The widespread crisis caused by the shortage of U.S. dollars in Bolivia has given rise to a generation of young social media figures offering financial advice. But can they be trusted?

Tiktoker
The number of people earning money on social media is growing, driven by the shortage of U.S. dollars in Bolivia / Photo: Fuad Landívar

The arrest of TikToker Juan Carlos Villafuerte two weeks ago—accused by the Financial System Supervisory Authority (ASFI) of committing an alleged financial crime—was yet another symptom of the currency crisis, or “dollar crisis,” which has been evident since February 2023.

This arrest, almost unanimously rejected by public opinion, was nonetheless the manifestation of a phenomenon that has gone viral on social media since the Central Bank of Bolivia (BCB) lifted restrictions on electronic payment channels and instruments for buying and selling virtual assets.

Analysts, digital investment specialists, influencers, YouTubers, TikTokers, and others have found a vein of opportunity for generating income through explanatory and guidance videos—though others engage with darker intentions.

Rolando Mendoza, author of the recent book Earn Dollars with Cryptocurrencies, described the oversupply of information on the dollar shortage and alternative assets as a “phenomenon” that breeds confusion, uncertainty, and even fear.

“In September 2024, many influencers with good diction, good language, and good ideas appeared, speaking and teaching (…). It was like an awakening for people who already knew about digital investments but didn’t share it publicly—they refined themselves and learned,” he said, noting there is no registry or association for people working in this field.

However, the expert warned that there is a very fine line between opinion and factual information, as it can lead to losses in the millions. “In the case of crypto, there’s a rule: you never lose if you sell when you should. There was a case where a YouTuber or influencer was paid $200,000 to say a cryptocurrency was the currency of the future, and a week later more than $1 million had moved and that coin disappeared. I could tell you several such cases,” Mendoza stated.

Learning from mistakes

Juan Carlos Villafuerte, the TikToker accused by ASFI of spreading false and misleading information—claiming that banks “were in danger” due to the dollar crisis and thus jeopardizing confidence in the National Financial System (SFN)—told EL DEBER that after his release he feels more strengthened and believes his arrest was actually “financed” by people linked to the Santa Cruz de la Sierra municipal government.

“Since I was 16 years old, I have worked in digital marketing, AI (artificial intelligence) creation, virtual assistants, and I’ve been researching digital finance for a very long time,” said the 22-year-old, asserting that his videos are backed by his own experience.

He explained that his skills in digital business as a freelancer allowed him to amass a small fortune by age 18. “In 2022 this all began—I would go to the bank and they wouldn’t give me my dollars. First they gave me a thousand, then 200, and eventually they cut it to 100. Outside, the parallel dollar was already more expensive. So I learned to use digital wallets like Airtm, Binance, and Payoneer to deposit dollars and exchange them for their real value,” Villafuerte recounted.

In that regard, he warned that “there is no easy money” and that scams abound on social media. “I’m very careful about that in my content—what I do is simply teach people to create a Binance account, to buy USDT legitimately, never to pay third parties, because you can fall into a scam. People must understand that cryptocurrencies are a risky topic,” he emphasized.

Villafuerte admitted he does not have a university degree, but said that in the realm of digital assets one learns by practicing and making mistakes. “What I recommend is first researching long-term investments in American stocks and in cryptocurrencies (…). But it’s best to train for at least a year, and then start—whether with a large, medium, or small amount of capital,” he added.

“Doing trading”

Trading is the act of buying and selling financial assets—such as stocks, bonds, currencies, or cryptocurrencies—with the goal of making a profit from price fluctuations over short or long periods. The difference from investing is that investing focuses on long-term gains based on a fundamental analysis of the company or asset.

According to financial analyst Mauricio Obe, trading arrived in Bolivia around 2018 via networking companies. “These companies, through memberships, taught members, and then they had to invite others. You could say this was the first generation, which began selling courses as another form of income. From there, the movement expanded to what we see today,” he commented.

He argued that the government should not regulate this activity, because as in other countries, speculation is part of the stock market and generates liquidity in the secondary market. “Without speculators, there would be no liquidity in stock exchange transactions,” he said.

Obe also referred to Villafuerte’s case as an example of free expression—where someone simply voices what many people think. “Pretending that the stability of the Bolivian currency is fine would be lying to ourselves,” he added.

He stressed that any investment or expense is a personal decision and that ethical financial advisors should always clarify that investment choices are entirely personal.

On expectations for the next government, Obe said: “Most investors are well-advised; it’s understood that measures to correct Bolivia’s economic model will not be short-term, so we expect about five years of stabilization—something investors must weigh as a risk-benefit to stay in Bolivia.”

A de-dollarized banking sector

Economist and former president of the Bolivian Banking Association (Asoban) Juan Carlos Salaues stated that the currency crisis stems from a break in the country’s economic structure—shifting from a major exporter of hydrocarbons to an importer, with foreign currency-generating exports severely hit.

He believes Bolivia is late to the cryptoasset world, though not much has been lost since they “won’t save us” from the economic, financial, currency, or fiscal crisis, even if they help boost imports.

“I think the problem has been so severe that it has unfairly harmed banks in terms of transparency. The banking sector is practically de-dollarized; more than 20% of deposits are in local currency and their loan portfolios are very small. There’s about $2.5 to $3 billion that needs to be settled with the BCB,” he said.

Salaues noted that the harm is more “reputational” due to the central bank not returning banks’ legal reserves or their foreign currency accounts. “The drought is so severe in state, fiscal, and monetary management that they’ve used up all the dollars that could exist, to the point that banks have even had to restrict small dollar transactions with debit and credit cards,” he explained.

Regarding the next government’s approach to the currency crisis, he said it must be “decisive.” “Unfortunately, it’s like a patient in intensive care—there are very few hours to solve the crisis. I believe there will be significant progress in the short term, because if it doesn’t work in the medium term it will cost more, and in the long term it will be very difficult. But I’m convinced the new government will take much more responsible positions.”

He said incoming leaders will need to apply “shock” measures, though he didn’t specify which. “Yes, there will be a shock—a shock to wallets and a shock to expectations—but I think things will improve as necessary adjustments are made. Whoever comes into government must bring money, and that money is dollars. The country is rich, the country is strong. I believe we have the borrowing capacity for real and productive financial balance,” he added.

Finally, Salaues said Bolivia will need to turn to multilateral organizations like the World Bank or IMF. “The extent will depend on policy, but without an economic shock—injecting a good amount of dollars—there will be no stabilization fund to provide the oxygen and time needed to change our export structure,” he stated.

Connecting people and needs

Financial expert Rolando Mendoza noted that not everything on social media is about cryptocurrencies or trading—there are also ventures that focus on connecting people with needs.

“I have no money but I have skills—what do I do? I connect. For example, someone has an item they can’t sell, but I have the skill and contacts, so I take that item from person X and sell it to person Y, and I’ve earned a commission,” he suggested.

He pointed out that TikTok is no longer just a platform for watching entertaining videos—it’s now used to sell products and services worldwide. “Now that TikTok has everyone’s attention, with a live stream people are selling used clothes, toys, and others are buying—selecting, paying via QR. Many people are adapting to cryptocurrencies in restaurants, in different businesses, understanding USDC or USDT—there are many changes on social media,” he said.

Mendoza also praised the innovation and search for new income tools driven by the crisis. “This is key—crisis equals opportunity. In financial winters is when the most money is made, because in winter nobody wants to leave the house, but the people who do are the ones who get big results,” he reflected.

Opportunities identified:

  • Cryptocurrencies: Circumvent currency restrictions.
  • Local e-commerce: Connect producers and consumers to reduce imports.
  • Marketing: Web development, graphic design, consulting in local currency.
  • Remote work: Programming, design, writing, and virtual assistance for foreign companies.

By Luz Mendoza

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