Facing the crisis will involve severe measures to correct structural problems | Afrontar la crisis implicará severas medidas para corregir problemas estructurales

By René Martínez / Fundación Jubileo, Erbol:

Economic indicators show a very complicated outlook, the result of a crisis that began to take shape more than a decade ago. Solutions will not be immediate, and the population must be prepared to endure tough adjustment measures that will help stabilize the economy while seeking to reduce the impact on the most vulnerable in society.

In the context of an electoral race, the presidential candidates have the responsibility to propose realistic plans that correct persistent imbalances, with measures such as a reduction in public spending, including fuel subsidies; greater exchange rate flexibility; and policies to promote national producers, among other structural measures.

Political parties and/or alliances are preparing their government programs for the next term. The option that wins the election and takes office will have to implement these measures in its Economic and Social Development Plan for the next period; however, the country is going through an economic crisis.

We are facing a situation of economic instability with a deep fiscal deficit, shortage of foreign currency, higher inflation, and other issues that, in perspective, tend to worsen, suggesting a deep and prolonged crisis that would primarily affect the poorest sectors.

Economic stability is the minimum condition to generate a level of confidence and certainty for entrepreneurship and investment, so that different actors can carry out their economic activities with opportunities to generate income and employment. Consequently, more than just a traditional government program filled with electoral promises and development proposals, the current moment demands an adjustment plan to stabilize the economy.

Main imbalances and economic problems

There are three main problems facing the economy:

First, there is high public spending, a deep and prolonged deficit, and consequent indebtedness.

Second, with a fixed exchange rate (and an overvalued national currency) that favors imports and the failure of the hydrocarbons policy, there is a trade deficit and a consequent drop in international reserves, down to depletion.

Finally, there have been no adequate policies for the productive sector (the focus was solely on state-owned enterprises), which means that a productive economy involving transformation or industrialization processes and formal job creation has not been built.

The government has postponed addressing these problems for many years, taking on more debt, and it appears it will not implement any adjustment, meaning we face a crisis that could be both deep and long-lasting.

Necessary but unpopular measures

There is a need to correct macroeconomic imbalances, such as the current official exchange rate issue—with an overvalued national currency—and the fuel subsidy; elements that have distorted the price system. An adjustment plan should include at least the following elements:

1. Reduce spending (and the fiscal deficit), including the fuel subsidy

2. Adjust the exchange rate

3. Policies aimed at the productive sector (shift in the model) – Build or rebuild an export sector

To overcome the crisis, it will be essential, beyond the adjustment measures, to inform the population about what to expect in this delicate moment for the country—an effort that, out of responsibility, should be incorporated into the electoral debate, along the following lines:

  • Due to the measures that will be taken to stabilize the economy and begin finding solutions, the crisis would become more intense, such as with high inflation, which could lead to greater public discontent. It is therefore essential that the population have accurate information about the magnitude of the complex situation—information that has been hidden for several years.
  • Furthermore, the measures to be taken will not solve the economic situation immediately, as they are intended to address structural problems that have been building and worsening over many years. One of the necessary elements to overcome this type of crisis is to build or rebuild the export sector, which implies a medium-term process.
  • In the medium term, overcoming the crisis will not mean a return to an unrealistic or fictitious level of consumption. From now on, development must be sustainable—that is, based on increased productivity, not the sale of the country’s natural wealth. Exiting the crisis will not necessarily mean returning to the previous situation, but rather to a real one.
  • To implement these measures, external financing will be needed to sustain the adjustment policies.

The economy is clearly in crisis, leaving a potential economic collapse for future governments, with debts and obligations that will be difficult to meet—problems that will be politically difficult to handle. The different candidates will have to face the challenge of presenting real and responsible proposals, with the added difficulty of entering the electoral race bearing bad news.

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