Lithium: the uncertainty | Litio: la incertidumbre

By Juan Jose Toro, Vision 360:

In theory, lithium is an energy source that will replace fossil fuels, so the business isn’t just worth millions, but billions of dollars.

In Potosí, we’ve gone from placing our hopes for economic development on the potential of the Uyuni Salt Flat to feeling a distressing uncertainty about the future of those reserves.

What’s clear to me, after witnessing the story of lithium unfold before my very eyes, is that we’ve lacked information—and that’s why, for now, there are many differing opinions about what’s happening with this resource.

From Paz Zamora to Arce Catacora, there’s a common denominator: contrary to scientific logic, governments have ignored the Tomás Frías Autonomous University (UATF), even though it has been gathering information and developing knowledge about lithium practically since the reserves in the Uyuni Salt Flat were reported.

When the Potosí Civic Committee (Comcipo) led the first major strike during the Jaime Paz government, he was forced to accept that the UATF draft the terms of reference for the international bidding process—and that was the most important thing any government ever allowed the university to do.

In the years that followed, UATF continued researching lithium and, in that effort, even partnered with European universities. It reached the point of developing technology for brine evaporation, which was duly patented, but Bolivian governments simply ignored it.

Years passed, and lithium continued to lie dormant. Gonzalo Valda’s actions stood out—whether as a congressman or Minister of Mining, he managed to benefit from Bolivia’s inaction. Through Law 1854, he reduced the fiscal reserve, allowing private parties to obtain concessions in the salt flat. The move was flagged by Comcipo, which managed to get the law repealed—and it ended up being renamed after that politician.

What did Valda get in return? The former “cardinal” of the MIR never left evidence of his dealings. The only reference I have is from a lawyer friend who, during Valda’s peak of power, managed some of his interests. He told me that, based on the matters he handled, he estimated Valda’s fortune at 15 million dollars—not including the businesses managed by other professionals.

To this day, Bolivia has not entered the lithium market. During nearly 14 uninterrupted years in power, Evo Morales always found a way to avoid taking that step. This has allowed companies extracting lithium in Australia, Chile, and Argentina to multiply their profits, since they don’t have to compete with the country supposedly holding the largest reserves. Any of them would’ve had no problem paying to delay that competition.

In theory, lithium is an energy source that will replace fossil fuels, so the business isn’t just worth millions, but billions of dollars. Under Arce’s administration, agreements have been negotiated with companies from countries with which Bolivia shares ideological ties—so politics has been mixed with technical matters. Worse still, alleged shady deals have been denounced, yet none have been clarified as a new election campaign gets underway.

The future of Bolivia’s lithium remains uncertain.

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