Two years after the start of the exchange rate crisis, no effective solution is in sight, warns economist | A dos años del inicio de la crisis cambiaria, no se vislumbra una solución efectiva, advierte economista

By Raúl Domínguez, El Deber:

El dólar se encarece en Bolivia

The exchange rate crisis began in February 2023 / Photo: Ricardo Montero

Economist Fernando Romero warns that two years after the start of the exchange rate crisis, the government has yet to find an effective solution. The shortage of dollars has led to rising prices and strengthened the black market.

Between late February and early March 2023, what economists call the “exchange rate crisis” began—meaning the decline in the supply of U.S. dollars relative to demand in the Bolivian market. This period also coincides with the suspension of the weekly reports on key economic variables from the Central Bank of Bolivia (BCB) website.

The president of the Tarija College of Economists, Fernando Romero, stated that during the time that has passed, the government has failed to find an effective solution to the exchange rate crisis, which has deepened, as evidenced by fuel shortages and rising prices of basic household goods.

“More than two years have passed, during which a so-called ‘exporter dollar’ policy was implemented—meaning a preferential exchange rate was offered to national exporters so they would bring their dollars to the Central Bank of Bolivia, which would then pay them in bolivianos at a higher exchange rate than the official one (…) However, this backfired, creating an imbalance in the exchange market, speculation, uncertainty, and the strengthening of a black or parallel market, where the U.S. dollar has reached up to 15 bolivianos per unit,” Romero explained.

He also pointed out that due to the lack of information from the BCB, “we now have to rely on statements or press releases to find out about the level or projections of the main components of the Net International Reserves (RIN). Apparently, they aim to increase reserves by $400 million this year, but this relies on the revaluation of the country’s limited gold reserves, based on its international price.”

According to the latest report from the third four-month period of 2024 on Gold Reserve Operations by the BCB, Bolivia has 19.91 tons of gold deposited abroad ($1.669 billion) and 2.62 tons of gold in BCB vaults ($219.88 million). Meanwhile, the last Weekly Statistics report regularly published by the BCB dates back to February 17, 2023, when the RIN stood at $3.538 billion—of which $372 million was in cash (dollars), $538 million in Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), and $2.592 billion in gold.

Romero lamented that the government has yet to implement real responses, as the measures taken have been merely short-term or palliative rather than structural. “The fiscal crisis has also generated very concerning inflation, which could exceed 15% this year,” he warned.

The economist recommended adopting fiscal adjustment policies that impact the exchange market to attract resources. “Not only through external debt but also through investment, with regulations that attract foreign capital and efforts to improve dollar revenue sources in the national economy, both in the public and private sectors,” he stated.

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