The Argument in Favor of Profiteering and Speculation | El argumento a favor del agio y la especulación

By Antonio Saravia, Vision 360:

The immorality does not lie in raising prices driven by uncertainty and scarcity; it lies in imposing controls that prevent people from engaging in voluntary transactions.

Last week, there was much discussion about the 2025 General State Budget (PGE), a shameless and irresponsible budget that clearly reveals the government’s true intention: to continue destroying the country. This is not an exaggeration or a “liberal rant.” MAS has mercilessly applied the Castro-Chavista recipe in the region—driving countries into misery to maintain the tyrannical power of socialist governments—and this budget is just another step in that perverse direction.

How else can one explain a budget 12% larger than last year’s when there’s no money left to pray for a miracle? How can one justify projecting yet another (and very high) deficit after 11 consecutive years of red numbers that have depleted international reserves? How can it be acceptable that the total budget represents 93% of the GDP, meaning the government plans to spend nearly everything we produce in a year? How can it be logical to allow the last 22 tons of gold we have left to be pledged as collateral for new debt? Or for the Central Bank to lend money to the government without any backing, essentially printing money inorganically? How can one defend the continuation of dozens of state-run companies hemorrhaging money, let alone the planning of new ones? No, there is no other conclusion: the 2025 PGE is designed to dismantle macroeconomic stability and further batter the already struggling productive sector.

A new aspect of the 2025 PGE, which aligns with the above-mentioned trajectory, is the seventh additional provision targeting hoarding and speculation. This provision “authorizes the relevant entities to activate measures of control, oversight, confiscation, and/or seizure of products from food trade actors who store or withhold goods and/or seek to raise their prices.”

Profiteering and speculation have traditionally been vilified by populist politicians who want to present themselves as champions of family finances but fail to understand that these actions, in fact, make the allocation of scarce resources more efficient. profiteering and speculation are natural responses to sudden increases in scarcity and to distortions caused by certain economic policies. Despite decades of statist indoctrination, these responses are neither bad nor immoral; they have significant benefits and are even necessary to save lives.

Let us first acknowledge that the government has created utter chaos in the economy. The constant fiscal deficits mentioned earlier have drained the international reserves, and as the government continues its lavish spending, the Central Bank covers the deficits through inorganically printed money. This has swiftly led to inflation and devaluation. Moreover, without dollars, we lack fuels, seriously jeopardizing the production process, particularly in agriculture. In short, the macroeconomic stability treasured since 1985 is on its deathbed, forcing people to protect themselves against uncertainty by raising prices, safeguarding inventories, and stockpiling goods out of fear that food will vanish from the markets.

In this context, profiteering or the rapid increase in prices is a natural response to unpredictability. Combating it through laws, police control, or confiscations causes problems far worse than the original issue.

Prices send crucial signals that drive us to behave efficiently, that is, to allocate our resources effectively. On the demand side, when prices rise “excessively,” it signals families that a product is not being produced normally due to reasons like lack of dollars for importing inputs or fuel shortages, indicating scarcity. High prices strongly prompt consumers to be cautious in their consumption and to seek cheaper substitutes. If producers are instead forced by law to maintain “normal” prices, consumers will not regulate their usage, purchasing more than they should because they know the price is a bargain given the scarcity. Consequently, the product disappears rapidly from markets. For example, in the case of medications, this can endanger lives. The most expensive medicine is the one that cannot be found.

On the supply side, profiteering or speculation with high prices motivates other suppliers, importers, or producers to find ways to produce more of that good. The incentive of selling at a “high” price is powerful. Conversely, if the government controls prices and does not allow them to fluctuate, no one will be incentivized to produce more, and the scarcity will persist.

Price controls and abusive confiscations, therefore, only exacerbate the problems and create black markets. The immorality does not lie in raising prices driven by uncertainty and scarcity; it lies in imposing controls that prevent people from engaging in voluntary transactions. The Eastern Agricultural Chamber responded to the seventh provision of the 2025 PGE by stating that laws against profiteering already exist in the penal code, rendering a new provision unnecessary. That is not the correct response. Businesspeople across the country should reject any law that controls prices because of the immorality inherent in politicians dictating where and at what price they should sell their products.

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