The end of the so-called “model” | El fin del mal llamado “modelo”

By German Huanca, Publico.bo:

Bolivia is facing one of its worst economic crises in decades. The insistence on maintaining the MAS’s model, wrongly referred to as the “economic, social, community, and productive model,” established in 2006, has led the country to a crossroads: either persist with an exhausted extractivist economic system with significant state intervention, resulting in devastating social consequences such as hunger and increased poverty, or shift to an economic model that strengthens and respects private initiative, with a more efficient state and solid institutions.

Recently, the government allowed the private sector to import fuel to alleviate the diesel shortage. However, this measure fails to address the root problem: the lack of foreign currency. This currency crisis stems directly from an economic model that relied solely on gas revenues, depleting the country’s resources without generating new sources of wealth.

The MAS economic model was built upon the economic structure established by Supreme Decree 21060, the privatized companies under the Capitalization Law, and the distribution system defined by Hydrocarbons Law 3058, enacted on May 17, 2005. This law increased the state’s hydrocarbon revenue from 18% to 50%, distributing it among departments, municipalities, universities, and indigenous communities.

Regarding expenditure, the MAS model increased public spending to expand aggregate demand and boost production year after year. However, by 2014, spending surpassed revenue, and despite warnings from analysts and academics, instead of reducing expenses, the government opted to increase the fiscal deficit. This deficit became structural and ultimately drained international reserves of $15 billion, weakening the economy’s foundations and resulting in the current crisis, manifested through dollar shortages, fuel scarcity, and rising prices for imported goods.

Far from generating formal, productive employment, the MAS model has promoted the growth of the informal economy, which now accounts for 85% of employment in the country. This underscores the government’s inability to channel public spending into strategic sectors that could diversify the economy and promote sustainable development. Additionally, excessive demands from social organizations, governors, and municipalities for public works have increased the fiscal deficit without providing long-term structural benefits.

The depletion of gas resources and the lack of foreign currency have led to a rapid increase in external debt, now exceeding $22 billion. Instead of strengthening the economy, the MAS model has left Bolivia in a vulnerable position, dependent on international loans, with a population facing growing levels of hardship.

It is evident that the MAS economic model has reached its limit. Persisting with this formula will only deepen the crisis. A structural shift is urgently needed, prioritizing the attraction of foreign direct investment. Bolivia requires an economic model that does not rely solely on public spending and natural resources but fosters inclusive and sustainable development with legal security and respect for private property, both individual and collective. This model must include productive diversification, formal employment, and integration with global technological advancements.

Does the government have the capacity to make this shift? Unfortunately, based on its current actions, the answer appears to be no. Instead of addressing the dollar shortage, the government focuses on price controls. It makes agreements with the private sector to transfer responsibilities, knowing they lack the storage capacity and logistics. Dollars are injected into the economy only through loans, providing momentary liquidity (barely for a week). The government also returned the IMF loan obtained by the transitional government, despite the IMF’s ability to provide loans to address balance of payments deficits. The list of negative signals is extensive.

The time to postpone these reforms is running out. The consequences of inaction will be irreversible, and the population will be forced to participate in elections where the winner is already predetermined. Ultimately, this could lead to violence. The end of the so-called “model” is imminent; its persistence is due only to overwhelming state propaganda. Meanwhile, fuel station lines and protest marches are an urgent call for change. This shift is not just a social demand but an imperative necessity to ensure the country’s economic and social future.

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