“Unifying the Exchange Rate,” Turning to the IMF, and Five Other Measures to Address the Crisis | “Unificar el tipo de cambio”, acudir al FMI y otras cinco medidas frente a la crisis

By ANF, Eju.tv:

Former BCB President Proposes “Unifying the Exchange Rate,” Turning to the IMF, and Five Other Measures to Address the Crisis

The former president of the Central Bank of Bolivia (BCB), Juan Antonio Morales, proposed seven measures to stabilize the country’s critical economic situation, including unifying the exchange rate, eliminating the parallel market, and seeking support from the International Monetary Fund.

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Former BCB President Juan Antonio Morales. Photo: ANF

He pointed to the urgency of unifying the exchange rate by eliminating the parallel market, which currently values the Bolivian currency at levels very different from the official rate. According to the economist, this move would help restore stability in the exchange market.

“It is necessary to liberalize the market, to let the exchange rate — at least for a time — float. If you consider historical experience, which doesn’t always repeat itself, that could take around 7 or 8 months,” Morales said.

Since February of last year, the U.S. dollar has disappeared from the market, prompting the Central Bank of Bolivia to maintain an “unrealistic” exchange rate at Bs 6.96. This situation has created a parallel market where the dollar trades at Bs 12 or more.

Other proposals he made involve exchange, monetary, and fiscal policies, as well as the need for international cooperation and structural adjustments. Morales outlined each in the forum “Uncertain Times: Economic, Energy, and Environmental Crisis,” organized by Fundación Tierra.

He recalled one of the worst periods of hyperinflation, highlighting that after Supreme Decree 21060 was enacted, people eventually accepted the measure because they were exhausted by the situation.

If they had told people that to stop hyperinflation, they should stand on their heads at noon on a given day, they would have done it. The frustration was such with inflation and shortages that people were willing to accept any measure, no matter how harsh. However, the situation we’re in now isn’t exactly the same. We haven’t reached a level of public exhaustion. We’re not yet in a fully developed crisis, but it’s underway,” he warned.

Despite some sectors’ resistance to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), he believes the country needs the financial and technical support of the IMF to facilitate the transition and overcome the current situation.

“After 21060, support from friendly countries was the first to come. The IMF arrived a year later. They say the IMF is Washington’s slowest wallet, and that may be true,” he noted, estimating the amount needed to be around $3 billion.

He suggested enforcing a strict monetary policy, as stipulated by Article 22 of the Central Bank law, limiting loans to the non-financial public sector except under exceptional conditions.

He argued that enforcing a strict monetary policy is only feasible if the State simultaneously adopts a strict fiscal policy. This includes reducing the fiscal deficit to approximately 3% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

“For many years, we have had a fiscal deficit above 7%, and last year it was nearly 11%. That situation is unsustainable. Financing is no longer feasible, and they’re printing money,” he stated.

He also proposed removing interest rate caps and sectoral allocations to allow for better financial resource allocation and increase market competitiveness in lending.

Additionally, he emphasized the importance of creating a group of allied countries to support Bolivia, similar to the consultative groups that existed in the 1980s and 90s, especially during crises. He also proposed the rescheduling of external debt.

Alongside these immediate measures, Morales underscored the need to invest in strategic sectors to sustain long-term growth. He mentioned developing unconventional natural resources, opening up to foreign investment in key sectors such as lithium, value-added manufacturing, and diversifying the agro-industrial sector. Morales also called for improving institutions that protect private property rights and promoting tourism and telecommuting as potential revenue sources for the country.

Fuel Subsidies

Morales emphasized that the government must also “take action regarding fuel subsidies, which would improve the fiscal situation and limit fiscal spending.” He added that Premium and Ultra Premium gasoline help reduce the subsidy.

“We need to reduce the fuel subsidy, but always protect low-income groups,” said the former BCB president, noting that subsidies have several harmful effects, “they benefit the population, but they also benefit those with large-scale operations and especially those involved in smuggling.”

/NVG/

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