Bolivia Burns (from fire and crisis): from the Census strike to blue infighting and campaigns | Bolivia arde (por fuego y crisis): del paro por Censo a riña azul y campañas

By Opinion:

October, the historically most “feared” month for social conflicts, takes the lead amid political struggles and fires ravaging the country’s green areas.

Imágenes de los incendios en Santa Cruz y peleas entre “evistas” y “arcistas”./ GOBERNACIÓN DE SANTA CRUZ/APG
Images of the fires in Santa Cruz and clashes between “Evistas” and “Arcistas.” / GOVERNMENT OF SANTA CRUZ / APG

Bolivia is burning. While the fires consume more than 7 million hectares in the department of Santa Cruz alone (the highest record in history), internal disputes within the Movement Toward Socialism (MAS) show no sign of easing, peasant demands for the hypothetical resignation of Luis Arce continue to simmer, and some political figures are accelerating their campaigns, heading toward 2025 without hesitation.

Thus, September ends, a month filled with uncertainty, street conflicts, strikes, and marches from different social fronts. Evo Morales and Luis Arce remain locked in media and ideological battles, with their operational arms—various organizations—entrenched in the streets, engaged in a tug-of-war to see who holds more power and political agility.

October begins in a similar state. Historically marked by the highest peaks of crisis in recent years, the month opens with a focus on a murky horizon and the threat from the “Evistas” to shorten President Arce’s term, accusing him of failing to manage the country and labeling him a supposed “traitor.”

A review of events marking the current month highlights the protests that have unfolded as forest fires continue to challenge local and national authorities, as well as firefighters.

GREMIALS AND OTHER SECTORS’ MARCH

On September 2, the spring protests began. The gremiales (informal traders), along with other sectors, led marches that ended in a public assembly, motivated by Bolivia’s complex economic situation. Antonio Siñani, a gremial leader from El Alto, participated in these protests, demanding fuel, the circulation of dollars, addressing the results of the 2024 Census, and rejecting the rise in the basic food basket.

“The Government isn’t solving anything. Instead, it gives us a gas hike. We see our comrades waiting in line, but there’s no sugar. It’s a shame the Government can’t solve this, and it blames us, the gremiales, for speculation,” said Siñani.

The Ceja district hosted the gatherings of gremiales, doctors, a faction of coca growers, and campesinos from the Túpac Katari movement.

SANTA CRUZ STRIKE

On September 6, following the determination of the Santa Cruz Assembly, the region came to a complete halt. The 24-hour civic strike protested the results of the 2024 Census conducted by the National Institute of Statistics (INE). Public transportation, institutions, and markets were all closed.

“The people of Santa Cruz have once again demonstrated their will and commitment when their rights are violated. This time was no different. We want to thank the citizens. Now we will work on the next measures decided by the Assembly,” said Fernando Larach, president of the Civic Committee for Santa Cruz.

The pressure stemmed from dissatisfaction with the population count revealed by the INE, which confirmed 3,115,386 residents, while the region had expected at least 4,000,000.

COB MARCH TURNED VIOLENT

On September 10, the Bolivian Workers’ Center (COB) mobilized from El Alto to Plaza Murillo in La Paz, the seat of the government, in support of Luis Arce’s administration, defending democracy and calling for the approval of stalled international loans. However, violence erupted when marchers attempted to enter the Plurinational Legislative Assembly (ALP) in what was meant to be a “symbolic and peaceful” action.

The factions aligned with Arce and Morales clashed physically, scenes of which were captured by the media. Photos showed women throwing punches, with two of them falling to the ground and continuing to fight.

CAMPESINO BLOCKADE

On September 16, campesinos from the Federation of Peasant Workers of La Paz Túpac Katari launched an indefinite blockade, demanding President Arce’s resignation and the recovery of their regional headquarters. The road to Copacabana was one of the first to be blocked with stones and piles of dirt.

Led by David Mamani, the blockaders demanded new general elections, declaring themselves opponents of the current government. They also protested the lack of U.S. dollars and rising food prices, among other issues.

Gremiales joined the blockades.

Four campesinos were sentenced to three years in prison after admitting their crimes in an expedited trial, found guilty of endangering public transport and public services.

In response, Mamani warned of potential violence. “They’ve applied the full weight of the law to imprison them (…). If they’re jailed today, there will be blood. We’re not afraid. If necessary, we’ll take the Government Palace,” he said, according to La Razón.

“EVISTA” MARCH

On September 17, the massive “March to Save Bolivia” led by Evo Morales and his “radical” allies began in Caracollo, Oruro, and reached El Alto on the 23rd. The march was a decision made during the MAS meeting in Villa Tunari, Cochabamba’s Tropic region. The marchers demanded that President Arce step down and called for new elections.

The “Evistas” also faced legal action for millions of dollars in losses during the seven days of the march. Vías Bolivia filed charges against Morales and Ponciano Santos, leader of the Single Trade Union Confederation of Peasant Workers of Bolivia (Csutcb), for the state’s losses, estimated at 2.8 million bolivianos.

After the march ended, the Alteñidad Assembly demanded Evo Morales’ arrest. On the 22nd, the pro-Arce Unity Pact gathered in Ventilla to support the government, aware that the “Evistas” were about to arrive in El Alto. Clashes ensued, with stones and fireworks flying.

WILDFIRES

Meanwhile, forest fires continue to ravage eastern Bolivia. Over three and a half months, Santa Cruz has lost more than 7 million hectares to fire—a tragic record in Bolivia’s history.

Due to the poor air quality, Cocha Fest, scheduled for October 13-15 at the Alalay lagoon fairgrounds, was canceled, along with school parades.

As the fires rage on, various political figures are preparing for the 2025 elections. One of them is Manfred Reyes Villa, mayor of Cochabamba, who registered as a member of the Autonomy for Bolivia – Súmate alliance.

He signed up on Friday amidst great fanfare, with his supporters chanting his name, clearly positioning him as a presidential candidate.

Meanwhile, Police Captain Edmand Lara and Dr. Chi Hyun Chung announced their coalition under the “Agreement for the Reconstruction of the Nation.”

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