Santa Cruz: has the potential for further growth, but it faces four obstacles | puede crecer más, pero enfrenta cuatro obstáculos

By Marco Antonio Belmonte, Vision 360:

  1. Land seizures,
  2. export restrictions,
  3. legal uncertainty for investments, and
  4. infrastructure problems are hindering greater development.

Santa Cruz is a leader in productive development, exports, and is the fastest-growing economy in Bolivia. However, to further contribute to both its own development and that of the country, it faces four major obstacles: lack of legal certainty for investment, export restrictions, land seizures, and infrastructure and logistics problems.

“Land seizures, blockades, dollar shortages, irregular diesel supply, droughts that have severely affected soybean and winter crops, low international prices, and the uncertainty stemming from the country’s political situation—all of this complicates the environment for investment, production, and exports in the region,” Gary Rodríguez, general manager of the Bolivian Institute of Foreign Trade (Ibce), told Visión 360.

This September 24th, the department of Santa Cruz marks another anniversary of its fight for freedom. Last year, its GDP reached $14.314 billion, according to data from the National Institute of Statistics (INE), with an economic growth rate of 3.71%, lower than the 4.25% reported in 2022.

Infographic: Edmundo Morales

Last year, Santa Cruz’s exports reached $3.419 billion, and in the first half of this year, the department’s sales totaled $1.268 billion.

It is estimated that Santa Cruz contributes about 31% to 32% of Bolivia’s GDP and is now solidifying its position as the country’s economic engine, driven by sectors such as food production, natural gas, livestock, genetics, agribusiness, agriculture, exports, hospitality, services, and construction.

More Dynamism?

What is needed for Santa Cruz to multiply its economic dynamism? According to Gary Rodríguez, the agro-industrial and forestry sectors can provide immediate results, but legal certainty over land is crucial. This includes guarantees for investors who risk their capital, ensuring they can plan for returns on their investments.

Rodríguez also notes that Santa Cruz’s productive model could be the solution to Bolivia’s ongoing economic crisis, marked by declining Net International Reserves (RIN), lower foreign currency availability, reduced natural gas production and exports, and increased fuel imports.

“How can Santa Cruz contribute to the solution? The answer is through more dollars. But to get more dollars, I need to export more, import less, and attract foreign capital through increased Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The problem is that nobody will give money for free—the country’s risk is high. To issue bonds, we would need to pay a 20% interest rate, and attracting investment in such a conflict-ridden environment is challenging—capital is leaving rather than coming in,” Rodríguez explains.

However, to export more, increased production is necessary, which in turn requires more investment and a stable environment guaranteed by the country.

Infographic: Edmundo Morales

“To achieve this, legal security, market security, and ensuring that economic agents—whether foreign, local, or domestic—are heard in their demands and needs to activate the department’s potential is crucial,” adds Rodríguez.

He emphasizes that 90% of the regional economy relies on private activity, grounded in the values of business freedom, competitiveness, cooperative association, and global integration. “This is what can help Bolivia move forward,” he underscores.

Land Invasions

Another obstacle is land grabs. It is not possible, says Rodríguez, that there are currently more than 100 properties taken, as occurred in 2013, but which later decreased to 10, thanks to agreements reached with the Government to resume institutionality. This is in view of the commitment to triple food production from 15 million to 45 million tons.

He stresses the need to stop land invasions because agricultural, livestock, and forestry activities are high-risk industries, vulnerable to climate conditions, price fluctuations, and other uncertainties.

Inspection at Las Londras, an invaded property in Santa Cruz. Photo: Red Uno

Without export quotas

Additionally, it is considered necessary to provide investors with certainty that their efforts will translate into economic results because no one will invest to lose or overproduce if they cannot export.

“In this sense, existing restrictions must be eliminated, and there must be freedom of exportation. If production is not exported on time, there is a risk of prices dropping,” emphasizes Rodríguez.

Lack of infrastructure

Economist Gonzalo Chávez Barrancos believes that for Santa Cruz to grow further and increase its exports, the department must reduce logistical costs because it cannot sell more when it is expensive.

“For example, if a railway network could be developed that safely connects us to ports, logistical costs could be reduced by more than 50% for freight. What this means is that if a ton from Santa Cruz to Arica costs $150, and we could lower that cost by $70 per ton, imagine the savings that would exist; in that way, the money stays with the producer and not with the transporter and is reinvested in the economy,” he emphasized.

“We do not export more because costs are high, but that is because there is no necessary transport infrastructure; there is also no adequate gas and energy infrastructure to set up other industries. If we had high-tension energy in the Chiquitanía, the valleys, and gas, many industries could be taken to those places and generate greater development,” Chávez pointed out.

Along with this, the development of Puerto Busch is pending, but it requires a multimillion-dollar investment because the port must be built and infrastructure invested in; likewise, the HUB of Viru Viru, which was another project that would allow the generation of other value-added industries. However, the project is postponed.

The city of Santa Cruz is growing in population and development. Photo: Governorate of Santa Cruz

Other niches

Chávez Barrancos argues that the economy of Santa Cruz is not only driven by the productive agro-industrial sector. It evolved from oil production, which was later complemented by agriculture and livestock.

“The reflection is that currently, it exports more than $300 million in livestock through one company (BFC), and the trend is that with other companies engaged in high genetics, in two to three years, it could export $1 billion,” he highlights.

Additionally, there are other sectors that, with the agreements in place with China, are taking advantage of the opportunity to produce and export more chia and sesame to that vast market, aiming to increase exports from $120 or $150 million to $500 million in three to four years.

In services, many companies have established themselves in the department; two banks and two major insurance companies have their base in the region. “The rest of the country consumes a large part of what Santa Cruz produces, and the circumstances force us to adopt technology and improve; in fact, the intensive livestock farming that existed 30 years ago no longer exists; now we have high-genetics livestock for export. Dairy companies have increased their quality and productivity,” he emphasizes.

Santa Cruz also has tourism, but not the receptive type characteristic of places like Uyuni; rather, the region generates more business and corporate tourism. “It’s more of a mid-range and high-end tourism, where tourists arrive, make business deals, and leave, similar to São Paulo. There is tourism in Chiquitanía and the valleys, but it is mostly domestic,” he notes.

For 2025, the GDP of Santa Cruz is estimated to reach Bs 47.588 billion

The GDP of Santa Cruz could reach 47.588 billion bolivianos ($6.937 billion) by 2025, according to estimates by Jorge Akamine, president of the National College of Economists of Bolivia.

Thus, the contribution of the economy of Santa Cruz to the national GDP, which was 33.9% in 2021, 34.1% in 2022, and 34.3% in 2023, will increase to 34.6% this year and to 35% in 2025, the year of the Bicentennial.

The GDP per capita has risen from $1,835 in 2009 to $4,105 in 2023.

Infographic: Edmundo Morales

The production volumes by crop groups for the 2021-2022 campaign show that 83.9% of the crops in Santa Cruz are industrial.

Following that, cereals represent 11.9%, fruit crops occupy 1.8%, vegetables 1.2%, and tubers and roots 1.2%. In 2022, Santa Cruz produced 156,204 tons of beef.

It leads in production, foreign trade, tax contributions, credit portfolio, productive employment, and consumption of cement and electricity, all linked to investments and productive activity, respectively. Over two decades, it has consolidated this national leadership. With an area representing 34% of the national territory and 24.5% of the Bolivian population, it is the region with the highest economic activity and generates nearly a third of the country’s GDP. The evolution of Santa Cruz’s economy is closely tied to the increase in investment, particularly productive private investment.

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