20 years after the Gas War | 20 años después de la Guerra del Gas

Editorial, El Deber:

Today marks 20 years since the so-called Gas War, which began as such, but which began a new period for Bolivia. ‘Black October’ ended with 67 people dead, the overthrow of a president, more than 400 people injured and a new political agenda for Bolivia. Is the country better now than then?

Bolivia was swimming in a sea of gas in 2003. The projection was to export and for that wealth to fill the country’s coffers. The big obstacle was that the pipeline had to pass through Chile and that was the fuse that lit the gunpowder. Bolivia still had its maritime claim pending.

But the export of hydrocarbons was not the only reason for this social explosion; several factors had accumulated: the decomposition of politics, with parties that sealed agreements based on disagreements in the public sector; with unaddressed social demands, with an accumulated anger after the ‘tax’ that they had wanted to impose in February 2003 and that caused a confrontation between the military and the police.

Added to the above was a very delicate economic situation, with illiquidity in the public sector and very low citizen approval of President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada. All of this was met with the strengthening of an indigenous project of demands, based on the La Paz highlands, where the first clashes and the first victims occurred. The conflict escalated and ended with the resignation of Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada before Congress.

Two decades after that, Bolivia is no longer swimming in a sea of gas; On the contrary, production falls until it hits rock bottom, as President Luis Arce himself said, and the country is no longer experiencing times of economic prosperity. The policy of agreements between many parties first led to the imposition of a single party, without the possibility of agreements, and ended in the fragmentation of the hegemonic party, triggering paralysis in Congress and the national economy.

The positive social inclusion of sectors that were not previously taken into account has weakened. The indigenous people have political participation, but now there is a kind of discrimination between those from the highlands and those from the lowlands; The rights to the territory of the latter are being violated through the taking over of spaces by oppressors and organized drug trafficking mafias that end up displacing them.

Added to this is the confrontation between Bolivians, which has been steadily fueled by the unions and the politicians of the Movement Towards Socialism, under the logic of “divide and conquer.” The possibilities of synergy and commonwealth seem distant when speeches that call for hatred prevail, such as the one mentioned by a Minister of State against the Government of Santa Cruz, or like those heard in the east of the country when all rural migrants are labeled as overwhelming.

During those 20 years, Bolivia lost the case before the International Court of Justice in which it demanded a sovereign exit to the sea. And relations with Chile continue to be broken, but are also colored by the fight against organized crime that operates on the border.

The events of ‘Black October’ left pain in Bolivia, but the actors with power did not have the capacity to generate resilience. The wounds have not yet healed and others have opened that must be healed.

Two decades later there is a request to renew the national political agenda. Bolivia is a country with infinite possibilities for development and community building. All that is needed is the will to dialogue, to build by adding differences, to have a country that learns from its mistakes and can look to the horizon with hope.

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