By Oscar Heredia, Brújula Digital:

Who is capable of governing themselves when they have the power to govern others? Because the first territory a statesman must conquer does not appear on any map—it lies within themselves.

The Government Palace and the Casa Grande del Pueblo (behind it) in Bolivia. Photo: ABI Archive.

Power can bring a person into government. Character determines what they will do with that power.

We all know someone who changes when they receive a little authority. It can happen in an office, an organization, a university, or an institution. When it happens there, it may create a problem. When it happens in government, it can become a national problem.

Because behind every public decision there is a person. And people do not make decisions based solely on reason. They also decide through their convictions, fears, ambitions, frustrations, hopes, resentments, and, under certain circumstances, their desire for revenge.

Political science helps us understand how power is organized and exercised; political psychology explains how emotions and perceptions influence our decisions; and political philosophy leads us to a deeper question: can someone govern others if they are unable to govern themselves?

Perhaps this is where one of the most important conversations about power begins.

We often say that power corrupts. But perhaps the explanation is more profound.

Power does not always change the person who receives it. More often, it simply reveals who they already were.

Insecurity can become authoritarianism. Fear can lead to paralysis. Arrogance can make someone stop listening. Resentment can turn an opponent into an enemy. Vanity can confuse the common good with personal image. And the need for recognition can drive the pursuit of today’s applause without considering tomorrow’s cost.

Yet we do not always react in the same way. One circumstance may bring out our prudence; another, our anger. One situation may awaken courage; another, fear. Context, pressure, and timing also shape our responses.

That is why emotions are not the enemies of reason. The problem arises when an emotion, left unexamined, ends up deciding for us.

Fear can warn us of danger, but it should not paralyze us. Anger can signal injustice, but it should not become revenge. Ambition can inspire great projects, but it should not turn power into personal property.

The challenge is not to stop feeling. It is to learn how to govern what we feel.

Here a fundamental concept emerges: self-government.

Before asking discipline of others, a leader must practice it themselves. Before demanding respect, they must know how to show it. Before asking others to make sacrifices, they must ask whether they are willing to bear the cost of their own decisions.

The first state a leader must learn to govern is themselves.

Power is also familiar with love and hate, passion and heartbreak. These belong to human life. But when they enter the realm of power, they cease to be merely private matters.

Intrigue, betrayal, manipulation, and half-truths can emerge. And when politics stops debating ideas and begins feeding resentments, an opponent ceases to be someone with a different vision and becomes someone who must be destroyed.

At that point, politics loses its humanity.

And a public decision never ends with the person who makes it. It can affect an individual, a family, an institution, and ultimately an entire society.

Because behind every decision there are always people: the one who decides, those who advise them, those who accompany them, and those who ultimately carry out the decision. Responsibility does not end with the officeholder, although the greatest responsibility rests upon them.

Character is not revealed when everything is calm. It is revealed when power is tested.

When there are reasons to be angry and prudence is chosen.

When there are reasons for revenge and justice is chosen.

When one could respond with arrogance and instead chooses to listen.

When one could seek applause and instead accepts the cost of doing what is right.

Bolivia, too, has a history shaped by political passions. We have lived through moments of fear, confrontation, hope, indignation, pride, and frustration. Our history contains both light and shadow.

Recognizing this does not mean condemning some or idealizing others.

It means learning.

Because laws establish limits and oversight is essential, but no rule can by itself create prudence, integrity, or responsibility.

That is why preparing those who will lead the State should not mean only teaching economics, law, public administration, or political strategy.

It also means cultivating judgment, responsibility, and character.

But power does not exist in a vacuum. It also requires a society willing to observe it, question it, and limit it.

A mature democracy requires citizens capable of thinking before reacting, listening before condemning, and distinguishing between a proposal and a promise. It requires a political culture in which an opponent is not automatically an enemy and where emotion does not replace judgment.

This does not mean equalizing responsibilities. Those who exercise power bear a greater responsibility because their decisions affect the whole of society.

But a democracy also reveals its maturity through the way its citizens use their freedom.

Perhaps, then, the challenge is not to build a society without emotions, but a society capable of governing them.

The State does not begin only in a constitution, a law, or an institution. It also begins within the person who makes decisions.

And one question remains for anyone who aspires to govern:

Who is capable of governing themselves when they have the power to govern others?

Because the first territory a statesman must conquer does not appear on any map—it lies within themselves.

Oscar A. Heredia Vargas is a political and economic analyst and former rector of the UMSA (Universidad Mayor de San Andrés).

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