By Brujula Digital:

Millennium Warns of Organized Crime Expansion and “Institutional Capture” in Bolivia

A report identifies drug trafficking, illegal mining, smuggling, and money laundering among the country’s main illicit economies and proposes reforms to the police, judiciary, and Financial Intelligence Unit.

Seized drugs in Bolivia / File photo / APG

The Millennium Foundation warned on Thursday about the expansion of illicit economies and institutional capture in Bolivia and proposed a series of reforms aimed at strengthening the state against organized crime.

The assessment is contained in the report “A Minefield: Illicit Economies, Institutional Capture, and the Erosion of the Social Fabric,” prepared by Henry Oporto and Ricardo Calla. It was presented alongside the regional study “Cracks in the System,” produced by the Center for Democracy Studies (CSD) and the Millennium Foundation.

According to the report, drug trafficking, illegal gold mining, smuggling, money laundering, and arms trafficking expanded in Bolivia between 2006 and 2025. The authors argue that these activities grew in a context where the state was captured by political factions, labor groups, and corporate interests.

The study notes the identification of at least 17 drug-trafficking clans in 2025, the cases involving so-called “narco-generals” within the police force, and the penetration of corruption networks into the justice system. It also recalls that Bolivia was placed back on the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) gray list in June 2025 due to shortcomings in combating money laundering.

Oporto stated that the country needs a “professional and depoliticized” police force, an independent judiciary, and a Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) with genuine autonomy.

The report proposes four main reform areas: professionalizing and depoliticizing the police; restoring the independence of the judiciary and the Public Prosecutor’s Office; strengthening the FIU and anti-money-laundering mechanisms; and approving a Transparency and Access to Public Information Law as well as a State Procurement Law.

The regional study, which examines 24 countries, also argues that Bolivia has institutions that function “on paper” but possess limited capabilities due to political pressure, lack of resources, and institutional fragility.

The report further analyzes the reopening of anti-drug cooperation with the United States, the European Union, and neighboring countries following the DEA’s return to Bolivia, while warning of the sovereignty dilemmas that this new phase may create.

BD/RPU

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