Poverty Hits the Most Vulnerable | La pobreza golpea a los más vulnerables

By Gregory Beltrán, Los Tiempos:

Jubilee Says Poverty Has the Face of Women, Youth, and Rural Farmers

The Jubilee Foundation warns of the impact of poverty on vulnerable groups.  | Carlos López.

The famous 1985 warning by four-time President Víctor Paz Estenssoro that “Bolivia is dying” has been echoed over the years by repeated calls to reduce poverty. Yet despite the implementation of different economic models, poverty levels have not significantly declined. A new study by the Jubilee Foundation shows that poverty continues to rise, particularly affecting rural farmers, Indigenous people, young people, and women.

In addition to the high levels of corruption that persist in the country, Bolivia has faced the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which intensified in 2020, as well as an economic crisis that continues today.

Using data from Bolivia’s National Statistics Institute (INE) for 2024, the Jubilee Foundation reports that more than 53% of the rural population lived in moderate poverty, compared with 31% of the urban population. The gap is even wider in extreme poverty: while only 6% of urban residents cannot afford a basic food basket, that figure rises to 29.6% in rural areas.

In practical terms, nearly one in four people living in the countryside lacks sufficient income to meet basic nutritional needs. According to the report, this demonstrates that structural poverty remains deeply rooted in rural Bolivia, where access to basic services, education, healthcare, and decent employment remains limited.

Regional disparities are also evident. Outside the country’s economic core of La Paz, Cochabamba, and Santa Cruz, poverty affects 41.1% of the population, compared with 36.3% in these more developed regions.

The situation is also more severe among Indigenous populations. The study found that 46.1% of Indigenous people live in poverty, compared with 33.5% of non-Indigenous citizens. The report notes that this gap reflects longstanding historical exclusion and structural inequalities that continue to persist in Bolivia.

Gender differences are also apparent. Poverty affects 38.2% of women, compared with 37.1% of men. According to the foundation, women face greater barriers to formal employment, carry a larger burden of unpaid work, and encounter structural obstacles within the productive and educational systems.

Age is another key factor. Poverty rates are highest among children and adolescents. The report indicates that poverty affects 49.8% of children under five years old and 50.6% of those aged six to adolescence. Jubilee warns that childhood poverty limits physical, educational, and emotional development and creates an intergenerational poverty trap.

Education remains one of the strongest protective factors. Among people with no formal schooling, 58.8% live in poverty. Poverty rates decline steadily as educational attainment increases, with only 18.7% of those who have completed more than 12 years of schooling living in poverty.

“The data reflect more than a simple income problem,” the foundation states. “They reveal structural inequalities in access to basic services, markets, education, infrastructure, and economic opportunities.”

Jubilee emphasizes that poverty is not only about low income but also about unequal access to healthcare, education, and social security.

Regions Most Affected

  • Chuquisaca: 51.2% of the population lives in poverty.
  • Potosí: 47.4%.
  • La Paz: 45.2%.
  • Cochabamba: 41.2%.

According to the foundation’s research, Chuquisaca and Potosí have nearly half of their populations living in poverty, while La Paz and Cochabamba continue to record poverty rates above 40%.

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