Carnival food | Comida carnavalera

By Vision 360:

Candies, corn chicha, and puchero: this is the “geography” of Carnival flavor in Bolivia

Puchero is the most emblematic dish of Carnival in the country. It is consumed in the Bolivian valleys, but also in Potosí and La Paz.

Puchero, t’himpu, licores artesanales y sándwich de palta. Fotos: Viceministerio de Gastronomía y municipios

Puchero, t’himpu, artisanal liquors, and avocado sandwich. Photos: Vice Ministry of Gastronomy and municipalities

Bolivian Carnival is not only expressed in dance and music, but also in its flavors, in its preparations that are characteristic of the season and that demonstrate identity, local products, and gratitude to Mother Earth for the fertility of the land.

Below is a map of the flavors that mark Carnival in Bolivia, prepared by the Vice Ministry of Gastronomy.

Puchero

Puchero is the most emblematic dish of Carnival in the country. It is consumed in the Bolivian valleys, but also in Potosí and La Paz.

According to sociocultural researcher Melvy Mojica, puchero arrived in Bolivia during the colonial era, introduced by the Spanish as part of their culinary tradition. Over time, this dish was recreated by local communities and incorporated products native to the Andean and valley territories, such as potatoes, chuño, ají peppers, and others not native such as chickpeas, cabbage, and peaches.

The consumption of puchero coincides with the harvest season and is linked to the abundance and fertility of Mother Earth or Pachamama; it is an expression of gratitude for crops in the process of ripening. In that context, this dish symbolizes abundance, fertility, and sharing, since it is usually consumed at community gatherings, with family, with friends, and at gastronomic fairs, according to Mojica.

Puchero has variations in the use of its ingredients depending on the place where it is prepared, but usually the Cochabamba version is made, which includes beef and lamb, potatoes, chickpeas, rice, yellow ají pepper pods, cabbage, peaches, pears; the incorporation of fruits is a distinctive feature of Carnival puchero, Mojica comments.

This dish is consumed on any day of Carnival in the country, but it is especially shared on Ch’alla Tuesday. It is a preparation rich in meats and ingredients, both salty and sweet, as a symbol of excess and collective enjoyment prior to Lent, a period characterized by austerity and temporary abstinence from meat, the researcher indicated.

Its preparation is slow. It is made in a pot in which the meats are placed to cook; cabbage leaves are also added, everything is boiled, and then the potatoes are added. After the first boil, tuntas or chuño are added. Separately, fruits such as apples, peramotas, and peaches, which are typical of the season, are boiled. In another pot, rice and chickpeas are cooked. A sauce is also prepared with yellow ají pepper and tomato, and it is fried in pork fat until fully cooked.

It is served in the following order: first the broth, then the potatoes, chuños, and tuntas are placed, on top pieces of the different meats, covered with cabbage leaves, and rice is placed on top, and finally the yellow ají sauce. Around the plate, the variety of cooked fruits is placed, according to the book “Popular Festivals of Bolivia” by Antonio Paredes Candia.

Potosí

In Potosí, the traditional puchero is eaten, but one of the characteristics of these dates is also its traditional confites (candies). A sweet that has been made for many years and whose recipe is passed down from generation to generation. Sugar is the main ingredient, which is turned into syrup, and the center of these sweets contains almonds, walnuts, anise, shredded coconut, among others. Confites can be eaten, but they are also used to ch’alla houses and businesses as part of Ch’alla Tuesday traditions. Confites were declared National Heritage of the Plurinational State of Bolivia in 2014, along with other traditional sweets from Potosí.

Oruro (and the Altiplano in general)

In several places in the Altiplano, T’himpu is eaten during Carnival, which is boiled lamb meat, or it can also be beef. It is accompanied by white rice, boiled potatoes, and chuño, and it also has its broth.

Cochabamba

During this time, corn chicha is also consumed, a typical drink of Cochabamba, but also consumed in Tarija and other regions of the country.

Tarija

In Tarija, some of its most traditional dishes are usually eaten, such as Saice or Ranga.

Saice is made with potatoes, peas, onion, tomato, meat, and versions from other departments add other ingredients such as chuño.

Ranga is made from the lining of the cow’s stomach. It includes potatoes and yellow ají pepper, and the sauce has onion and tomato. It is served in a deep plate.

Chuquisaca

There is a variety of beverages and dishes that are consumed, such as tumbo cocktail, leche de tigre, and also ají de fideo, avocado sandwich, and roast pork.

Santa Cruz, Beni, and Pando

These regions are usually characterized by preparing churrascos that are shared among family, friends, and comparsas.

Vallegrande

In the municipality of Vallegrande, in the department of Santa Cruz, artisanal liquors are produced, also called macerates or mistelas, which are transformed products derived from endemic wild fruits of the region, made artisanally according to a specific process, with various varieties and flavors such as quirusilla, yana yana, guayabilla, and others. These artisanal liquors are produced and consumed mainly during Vallegrande Carnival. The production process begins months before the date established in the religious calendar, when Vallegrande’s air becomes filled with the aromas of wild fruits being processed for the delight of visitors and the local population.

These liquors have been studied by UNESCO as part of four gastronomic experiences in Bolivia to include them in the Food Atlas, of which in this second phase the ají and peanut of Chuquisaca and Weenhayek fishing are being researched.

In the Anata Andino in Oruro, declared Living, Cultural, and Intangible Heritage of the Plurinational State, which this year takes place on February 12, different indigenous peoples and provinces of Oruro and other parts of the country gather, where they display their dances, music, and traditional clothing. Many dance carrying products such as potatoes, quinoa, and beans, among others. This is because this celebration is linked to the first fruits of agricultural production and gratitude to Pachamama or Mother Earth.

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