Brief Yearbook of the Energy Sector | Balance anual del sector energético boliviano

By Francesco Zaratti:

The analysis of Bolivia’s energy sector in 2025 distinguishes two periods, with the government change as the dividing line: (1) from January to October, and (2) November and December.

Before Supreme Decree (DS) 5503, we suffered from the fuel supply crisis and the effects of the erratic policy applied over the last 20 years, which resulted in exploratory failures, a decline in production to levels below those of 2005, the loss of export markets, and the paralysis of poorly conceived and even worse executed industrialization.

Likewise, that period is held responsible for the lack of timely and necessary decisions; suspicion of enormous corruption in fuel imports; favoritism toward smuggling; lies and lack of transparency in information; triumphalist propaganda; and the depletion of international reserves.

The delay in projects (improvised ones, at that), such as biodiesel, and the absence of an energy transition plan that would have allowed mitigating the hydrocarbons crisis are heavy legacies for the new government. Due to the importance of the sector in the national economy, this crisis affects the entire economic system of the country, owing to lower revenues and higher costs.

The aforementioned DS 5503, in the aspects related to energy, gets it right with the universal adjustment of prices for some fuels, seeking the least impact on the population (it keeps household gas tariffs, LPG, and electricity unchanged) and the maximum benefit for the State (it cuts smuggling to neighboring countries at the root and reduces the fiscal deficit).

However, the decree in question is merely the first step—I would call it emergency surgery—to cure the patient.

Indeed, making some fuel prices realistic does not cause a rebound in gas and oil production, which is the cure for the patient. For that, a long road is required, passing through recovering the confidence of risk capital in a State that has violated contracts; approving new laws in the energy sector (the hydrocarbons law without a doubt, but also the electricity law, including renewable sources for electricity generation); resuming “serious” exploration, with investments adequate to the goals sought; restructuring YPFB, returning to the idea that was held when drafting Law 3058 of a modern and competitive company, one among others in the sector.

As the new sector authorities well know, that road is long, but it begins with small steps capable of moving us away from the crisis.

First of all, without wishing to be a bird of ill omen, in the event that the “new” exploration does not achieve the expected success, a complementary electricity generation plan with renewable sources must be launched now, involving private, institutional, and business capital, within the framework of an Energy Transition Plan. The alternative is to import natural gas in a few years to provide security to departments overly dependent on gas, such as Santa Cruz.

2026 should be the year that gives Bolivia that multi-decade Plan, consensus-based and approved as State policy. If it is not done now, when?

One cannot rely solely on luck (“if we’re lucky…”, affirms Minister Medinaceli), but rather it is urgent to act to incentivize hydrocarbon production from mature and marginal fields, starting by fairly remunerating national oil, which remains at $27.11/bbl (a legacy from a time when the international barrel was below $40) and has not been adjusted in 20 years. May 2026 renew the energy sector, with luck and courage!

https://fzaratti.blog/en/2026/01/02/brief-yearbook-of-the-energy-sector/

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