Energy Transition or Energy Diversification? | ¿Transición o diversificación energética?

By Francesco Zaratti:

Given the magnitude of the disaster left behind by the “gasiferous oceanographers,” it is an obligation to support the management of the new authorities in the energy sector. These are colleagues recognized for their honesty and professionalism, and admired for having placed service to the country above their first.

They have been criticized for the delay in making unavoidable decisions, such as eliminating the perverse fuel subsidy, but that measure is extremely complex—and even secondary—in the context of the multidimensional crisis Bolivia is experiencing.

There is unanimity that the first crisis to be resolved is the macroeconomic one: stabilizing the currency through a significant injection of foreign exchange to continue purchasing fuel, pay debts, reactivate the economy, export, generate foreign currency inflows, and keep the State functioning.

The next step is to eliminate—or at least gradually reduce—the subsidy that costs more than five million dollars per day, and to create the conditions to attract risk investment in the hydrocarbon sector, in the hope of discovering new fields within a timeframe of no less than five years, as the most optimistic geologists predict. To achieve this, it is necessary to seduce companies in the sector, regain their trust in the country, and modify laws; in other words, more time and political and social consensus are required.

In the meantime, is there anything that can be done to improve the situation in the energy sector?

In several interviews, Minister Mauricio Medinaceli has referred to “diversification,” which, in short, means modifying the current energy matrix to increase the share of non-conventional renewable sources in electricity generation, while maintaining the leading role of hydrocarbons, since, in addition to providing energy, they contribute significant royalties and taxes as long as we continue producing them.

As was observed at the recent COP 30 climate summit in Brazil, there is a vigorous lobby by the major oil companies to undermine the need for an energy transition and reposition fossil fuels at the expense of non-conventional renewables, which are deliberately labeled as “intermittent and expensive.” It is “public and notorious” —as Spain’s Vicepresident “Yoli” uses to say—that renewables complement each other with other non-fossil sources to ensure continuity of supply and are cheaper and cleaner than imported fossil energy.

In fact, the energy transition is much more than a mere change in the energy menu: it is an entire program of economic transformation, of removing regulatory barriers to enable and allowing us to consume what we have with certainty and in abundance (sun, water, wind, biomass), thereby reducing dependence on gas and the few fuels we produce, without certainty of increasing production in the future.

Likewise, the energy transition implies “democratizing” energy: solar panels are within everyone’s reach—private companies, institutions, and even rural communities. Of course, they do not generate royalties, but they do generate taxes through the production of goods and services. However, they help dismantle the rentier and paternalistic State, to the extent that people depend on themselves and not on government bonuses and handouts. In fact, it is an alternative to 200 years of extractivism that have kept us in poverty.

Finally, it is no secret that for Bolivia it is easier (and makes far more sense) to obtain financing—and even international donations—for energy transition programs (including promoting the use of electric and natural gas vehicles) than to borrow money to import gasoline, diesel, LPG, and, soon, natural gas itself.

https://fzaratti.blog/en/2025/12/03/energy-transition-or-energy-diversification/

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