Illegal Gold: Rapid Destruction in Bolivia’s Amazon | Oro ilegal: destrucción acelerada en la Amazonía boliviana

By Brujula Digital:

Report: Illegal gold mining in Bolivia is growing and causing severe impacts

Bolivia’s Amazon is undergoing rapid degradation linked to alluvial mining, especially in the departments of La Paz, Beni, and Pando. Dredges and barges operate in rivers such as the Kaka, Beni, Madre de Dios, and Orthon.

EFE

Illegal gold mining is expanding at a fast pace in Bolivia, leaving severe damage in Indigenous territories and Amazonian ecosystems, according to the report “Climate change, illegal mining and human rights in the Amazon”, prepared by the Coalition against Illegal Mining in the Amazon (CMIA).

The document identifies Bolivia as one of the Amazonian countries where mining activity—including illegal and semilegal operations tied to cooperatives—is advancing with the greatest impact on rivers, forests, and Indigenous communities.

The report notes that Bolivia’s Amazon faces accelerated degradation associated with alluvial mining, particularly in La Paz, Beni, and Pando. Dredges and barges operate in rivers like the Kaka, Beni, Madre de Dios, and Orthon, where sediment removal destroys fragile ecosystems, alters riverbeds, and affects subsistence fishing.

Mercury contamination—used in gold processing—has become a direct threat to the health of Indigenous communities such as the Ese Ejja, Tacana, Leco, and Mosetén peoples, who consume contaminated fish and suffer losses in traditional livelihoods.

The document also warns that the expansion of mining occurs in a context of institutional weakness and state permissiveness. Although many operations are formally presented as cooperatives, the coalition notes that many function as fronts for criminal networks dedicated to illegal gold extraction, with minimal environmental or tax oversight.

In protected areas such as the Pilón Lajas Biosphere Reserve and Indigenous Territory and Madidi National Park, mining presence has increased despite legal restrictions, generating deforestation, the opening of clandestine roads, and the breakdown of social cohesion in Indigenous communities.

Ahead of COP30 in Belém in 2025, the organizations argue there is a “historic opportunity” for governments to adopt coordinated commitments that integrate climate justice, control of illegal mining, biodiversity protection, and Indigenous rights.

CMIA members that drafted the report include CEDIB, Amazon Conservation Team, DPLF, Fundación Gaia Amazonas, Hutukara Associação Yanomami, People in Need, SPDA, and SOSOrinoco.

According to the report, Bolivia has incorporated goals for mining control and forest protection in its international climate commitments, but progress has been minimal. The lack of monitoring, the absence of effective oversight, and economic incentives favoring gold extraction have prevented halting the expansion of this activity.

The coalition argues that without structural changes in regulation and the protection of Indigenous territories, Bolivia’s Amazon will continue to lose biodiversity, water quality, and resilience to climate change.

The document concludes that Bolivia requires immediate and coordinated action: strengthening state oversight, regulating the gold supply chain, ensuring Indigenous participation in decision-making, and establishing regional cooperation mechanisms. Otherwise, the advance of illegal mining and its impacts on the Amazon could reach irreversible levels.

BD/RPU

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